Task 9 Flashcards
Syntax
Refers to the rules governing the arrangement of words to create well-formed sentences in a language
Grammar
The broader study of language structure, encompassing syntax along with semantics, morphology, and phonology.
Inflections
Modifications made to words (usually nouns or verbs) to convey grammatical information such as tense, number, or
case
Parsing
The process of analyzing a sentence’s structure according to its grammatical components.
Morphology
Study of the structure and formation of words in a language, including the way words are built using smaller
meaningful units called morphemes
Traditional pragmatic model
Three stages for metaphor comprehension:
1) Accessing literal meaning
2) Contextual evaluation
3) Seeking a non-literal meaning.
Metaphor interference effect
Metaphorical and literal meanings are generated simultaneously during comprehension.
Predication Model for Metaphor Comprehension
Involves two components: latent semantic analysis (word meanings based on relations) and construction-integration (selecting relevant features for interpretation).
Logical Inferences
Derived solely from word meanings or linguistic cues. For example, inferring gender from terms like “widow’
Bridging Inferences
Establish coherence between current text and preceding information, also known as
backward inferences. They connect different parts of the text for understanding.
Elaborative Inferences
Expand or embellish text by utilizing world knowledge to add details not explicitly
stated in the text. This includes predictive inferences, generating expectations about future content.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Also known as linguistic relativity, suggests language affects thought. The extreme version claiming language determines thought has been widely rejected.
Foreign-Language Effect (FLE)
Phenomenon where individuals exhibit different cognitive and behavioral patterns when processing information or making decisions in a non-native language compared to their native language
