Taste

Question 1

______ is the detection of molecules in liquid or solid form.

Answer 1

Taste

Question 2

Name the 5 basic taste qualities:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer 2

1. Salty
2. Sour
3. Sweet
4. Bitter
5. Umami

Question 3

Why is fat not currently recognized as a basic taste?

Answer 3

Dedicated receptors have not yet been discovered

Question 4

_______ is a protein that changes response properties of sweet receptors so they respond to sourness.

Answer 4

Miraculin

Question 5

What are the 4 types of tongue papillae?

Answer 5

1. Filiform
2. Fungiform
3. Foliate
4. Circumvallate

Question 6

_________ (papillae) are shaped like cones and located over the entire surface.

Answer 6

Filiform

Question 7

________ (papillae) are shaped like mushrooms and found on sides and tips.

Answer 7

Fungiform (think mushrooms = fungus grows on sides of hills)

Question 8

__________ (papillae) are series of folds on back and sides of the tongue.

Answer 8

Foliate (think foliate = folds)

Question 9

__________ (papillae) are shaped like flat mounds in a trench located at the back.

Answer 9

Circumvallate (circum = mounds = circumference)

Question 10

The tongue contains about ______________ taste buds.

Answer 10

10,000

Question 11

Taste buds are located in all of the papillae except for the _________.

Answer 11

Filliform

Question 12

We do not have sensations in the center of our tongue because…?

Answer 12

Only filiform papillae are in the center of the tongue, and they cannot taste.

Question 13

Fungiform have _______ taste buds each.

Answer 13

3-5

Question 14

Circumvallate and foliate papillae have _______ taste buds each.

Answer 14

More than 100

Question 15

A taste bud is composed of ___________ taste cells.

Answer 15

50-100

Question 16

Taste cell tips extend into the _______ _____.

Answer 16

Taste pore

Question 17

___________ occurs when chemicals contact the receptor sites on the tips.

Answer 17

Transductions

Question 18

The receptor sites on the tips are called ___________ ______.

Answer 18

Gustatory hairs

Question 19

Taste sensitivity varies according to the number of ___________ papillae on the tongue.

Answer 19

Fungiform

Question 20

While the number of fungiform papillae is a decent predictor of supertasters, what is a better predictor?

Answer 20

Genetic testing showed variations in a taste receptor gene were better predictors of supertasters.

Question 21

Behaviorally: ________ have specialized receptors for PTC and PROP, and detect their presence.

Answer 21

Tasters

Question 22

Behaviorally: ___________ lack receptors, have fewer taste buds, and do not detect PTC.

Answer 22

Nontasters

Question 23

Behaviorally: ________ are especially sensitive to PROP and PTC and respond to bitter substances very strongly.

Answer 23

Supertasters

Question 24

How many taste pathways are there?

Answer 24

At least 4

Question 25

Which taste pathway is the most tested/well known?

Answer 25

Chorda tympani: nerve from front and sides of tongue

Question 26

Taste pathways make connections in the ____________________ in the spinal cord.

Answer 26

Nucleus of the solitary tract

Question 27

Taste signals travel from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the ___________.

Answer 27

Thalamus

Question 28

From the thalamus, taste signals travel to these 2 PRIMARY areas: 1. 2.

Answer 28

1. Insula 2. Frontal operculum cortex (I -primarily- FOC (like fuck))

Question 29

From the thalamus, taste signals travel to this SECONDARY area: 1.

Answer 29

1. Orbitofrontal cortex

Question 30

Odor stimuli from food in the mouth reaches the olfactory mucosa through the _________ route.

Answer 30

Retronasal

Question 31

Which cortical area is responsible for the disgust response?

Answer 31

The insula (spit or swallow? INSide my brain decides)

Question 32

When you taste something, the tactile receptors in the mouth localize other sensory components to place flavor in the oral cavity. This is called...?

Answer 32

The oral capture illusion

Question 33

Why is taste blocked when your nose is plugged?

Answer 33

The taste/food is trapped in the oral cavity.

Question 34

Taste/food in your mouth travels from the oral cavity up the ______________ route and to the ________ ________.

Answer 34

Up the rotronasal route and to the nasal pharynx

Question 35

The responses from taste, smell, touch, and vision are first combined in the _____________ _________.

Answer 35

Orbitofrontal cortex

Question 36

The orbitofrontal cortex receives input from... 1. 2.

Answer 36

1. Primary somatosensory cortex | 2. Inferotemporal cortex (In visual what pathway)

Question 37

__________ neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex respond to taste, smell, and vision.

Answer 37

Bimodal

Question 38

The firing of bimodal neurons in OFC can be affected by the....?

Answer 38

Level of hunger of the animal for a specific food (BImodal : BI Me some FOOD)