Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cogs101A > Audition > Flashcards

Audition Flashcards

0
Q

In the how/when signal frequency, the __________ of _________ respond to…?

A

The rate or pattern of firing of nerve impulses respond to specific frequencies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

In the which/where signaling frequency, ___________ ___________ of _________ respond to…?

A

Specific groups of hair cells on the basilar membrane respond to particular frequencies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In Place Theory, low frequencies activate toward the __________.

A

Apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In Place Theory, high frequencies activate toward the ___________.

A

Base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In Place Theory, a complex sound, the vibration/peak will correspond to ____________ __________.

A

Each harmonic. Or there will be a peak for every frequency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Outer hair cells are also called what?

A

Cochlear amplifier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain Cochlear Amplifier.

A

Outer hair cells that respond by tilting or changing their length. (Like neurotransmitters, their shape changes=so does their function)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cochlear amplifier:

  1. The sound wave _______________________.
  2. The cilia deflects and the outer hair cells ____________.
  3. The ______________ ___________ lowers and pivots the inner hair cells upward.
A
  1. Lifts basilar membrane
  2. Contract
  3. Reticular lamina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phase locking is a type of ______________ coding.

A

Temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Selectively destroying outer hair cells (AKA ________ __________) shows we can sees a decrease in the firing rate of the inner hair cell at its….?

A

chemical ablationg, Characteristic frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In phase locking, do cells activate on every peak? Do they respond to specific peaks?

A

No. Cells do not need to activate on each peak and different cells respond to different peaks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Place coding is effective for what range of frequencies?

A

The entire frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Temporal coding is good for what range of frequencies?

A

4-5 kHz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Damage to the tympanic membrane or ossicles is _______________ hearing loss.

A

Conductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why might presbycusis affect males more than females?

A

Historically, males are in more places that involve loud noises (war, factories, etc.), and loud noises = earring loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the tone that only teenagers can hear called?

A

Mosquito MK4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Noise induced hearing loss is usually from damage to the…?

A

Organ of Corti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is tinnitus? What are the 2 types?

A

Perception of ringing sound in the ears.

2 types: objective and subjective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is objective tinnitus?

A

An actual sound produced in the ear by muscle spasms, otoacoustic emissions, or vascular problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is subjective tinnitus?

A

Perceived sound (think sound is there).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which kind of tinnitus is most common with noise induced hearing loss?

A

Subjective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Objective tinnitus is classified under what kind of hearing loss?

A

Conductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Subjective tinnitus is consistent with what kind of hearing loss?

A

Sensorineural and conductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Auditory nerve fibers synapse in what subcortical structures?
Hint: CoNuc SON-IC MG

A

Cochlear nucleus -> superior olivary nucleus -> inferior colliculus -> medial geniculate nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Where is the medial geniculate nucleus located?
The thalamus
25
The Primary Auditory Cortex has a ___________ organization. This matches the structure of what other piece of audition?
Tonotopic. Matches the cochlea.
26
The first cortical region to receive auditory info is the...?
Cochlear nucleus
27
In A1, the ___________ respond to lower frequencies, corresponding to the ____________ of the cochlea.
Left/0.5 | apex of cochlea
28
In A1, the ____________ responds to higher frequencies, corresponding to the ____________ of the cochlea.
Right/16 | Base of cochlea
29
Where are tonotopic maps found?
In A1, the core area.
30
Damage to the auditory cortex shows difficulties in perceiving....?
Pitch
31
The belt and para belt respond to...?
Complex stimuli (like voices)
32
What are pitch neurons?
Cells outside of A1 that respond to complex tones with the same fundamental frequency
33
Can tonotopy change over time? What is another word for this?
Yes. Experience dependent plasticity.
34
The ventral/what stream starts in the __________ portion of the core and belt and extends to the __________________.
Anterior portion, extends to the prefrontal cortex
35
The dorsal/where stream starts in the ____________ portion of the core and belt and extends to the ___________ and ____________ cortices.
Posterior portion, extends to parietal and prefrontal cortices.
36
fMRI evidence shows that pitch recognition is done by the ____________ stream, and is associated with greater activation in the ___________ region.
What/ventral stream, activation in the central regions
37
fMRI evidence shows that auditory location detection happens in the _________ stream, and is associated with activation in the __________ areas.
Where/dorsal stream, with greater activation in the dorsal areas
38
A patient with temporal lobe damage (what pathway) would have trouble with....?
Recognizing sounds/putting a name to them | Or recognizing if a pitch went up or down
39
A patient with parietal lobe damage (where pathway) would have trouble with...?
Localizing a sound | Or spatial auditory processing
40
Both the ventral and dorsal systems start where?
The core
41
The experiment where they cooled different areas of a cats brain and it impaired the corresponding functions, was a good example of what?
Double-dissociation
42
Does auditory scene analysis happen in the cochlea? Why or why not?
No, because simultaneous sounds are together in the pattern of vibrations on the basilar membrane
43
The auditory principle of location is similar to what visual principle?
Common fate
44
The auditory principle of similarity of timbre and pitch is similar to what visual principle?
Similarity
45
The auditory principle of proximity in time is similar to what visual principle?
Proximity
46
The auditory principle of auditory continuity is similar to which visual principle?
Good continuation
47
The auditory principle effect of past experience is similar to what visual principle?
Familiarity
48
Which auditory grouping principle is good for identifying different instruments in a song?
Similarity of timbre and pitch
49
In sounds: greater proximity leads to...?
Stream segregation
50
The similarity of pitch and timbre groups notes at __________ speeds.
High speeds
51
The experiment of the song "Three Blind Mice," in which one version was normal and one was altered, most subjects could identify the altered version only after the first one was played. What is this an example of? What are they using to recognize the altered version?
Example of Effect of past experience | Use melody scheme to recognize it
52
What is auditory space?
The space that surrounds an observer and where sound is present
53
What are the 3 dimensions of auditory space?
Azimuth, elevation, and distance
54
Define azimuth.
Position left to right
55
Define elevation
Position up and down
56
On average, do people localize sounds better when heard from the... a. front b. sides c. behind
a. front
57
Name the 2 auditory localization cues.
Binaural and monaural.
58
Binaural localization cue has 2 subcues: 1. _________ 2. ________
1. interaural time difference | 2. interaural level difference
59
What is the head-related transfer function? Under what spectral cue does this fall?
Falls under the monaural spectral cue. It is the affect that each head has a differently shaped pinna and therefore hear frequencies with different intensities. (different spectrums)
60
What is ITD? (and define)
Interaural time difference: difference between the times at which sounds reach two ears.
61
Is ITD better for low or high frequencies?
Low frequencies (<800 Hz)
62
What is ILD? (and define)
Interaural level difference: difference in sound pressure level reaching two ears
63
Is ILD better for low or high frequencies? Why?
High frequencies (>800 Hz) because it might be using temporal coding & phase locking (and phase coding is easier for low frequencies)
64
What is an acoustic shadow?
Amplification is blocked from the far ear because of a shadow created by the head.
65
What kind of frequencies does the acoustic shadow clock?
High-frequency pressure waves
66
ILD is largest at locations _________________?
Farther to the side
67
ITD and ILD are good at providing location cues along the __________ plane.
Azimuth (side)
68
Binaural localization cues are good for the ___________ plane.
Azimuth
69
Monaural localization cues are good for the ____________ plane.
Elevation
70
Auditory localization cues (Binaural and Monaural) are mainly used for __________.
Orienting
72
________ tuned ITD neurons are a form of _________ coding.
Narrowly = specificity/sparse
73
_______ tuned ITD neurons are a form of ________ coding.
Broadly = distributed/broadly
74
When do coincidence detectors fire?
Only when signals from both ears fire simultaneously. It is sensitive to the difference in time sound reaches one ear vs. the other.
75
If a signal reaches ITD at the same time (simultaneously from both ears) then the coincidence detector says the signal came from...?
The front
76
Neurons in the ___________ and _____________ respond to a narrow range of interaural time differences.
Inferior colliculus and superior olivary nuclei
77
Auditory localization is indicated by the ratio of two types of ITD neurons. Name the neurons.
Left sensitive and right sensitive
78
What area of the brain is used to help represent space in human echolocation?
V1

Cogs101A (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions