Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CVR Biweekly 1 > Taylor- Blood Flow Distribution > Flashcards

Taylor- Blood Flow Distribution Flashcards

(82 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

blood flow is controlled by altering what

A

vascular resistance in arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

regulate bulk blood flow through the capillary bed

A

arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

regulate number of perfused capillaries for exchange

A

precapillary sphincters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

vessel steady-state tone is regulated by what

A

vasoconstriction and vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

play a key role in distribution of CO by controlling resistance

A

arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 extrinsic mechanisms of controlling arteriole diameter

A

autonomic (sympathetic-NE)
hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

main role of this neurotransmitter is on blood vessels and binds a1

A

NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 intrinsic mechanisms controlling arteriole diameter

A

mechanical, metabolic, endothelial factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

meet demands of the whole body (pressure and volume)

A

extrinsic mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

match flow to local demands (specific organ)

A

intrinsic mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

these are released and cause relaxation and increased blood flow

A

metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

these mechanisms are set up to sense pressure or volume changes and correct it

A

extrinsic mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

body wants to keep _____ high enough to perfuse organs

A

blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

extrinsic mechanism that increases HR and contractility, causes increase in resistance and vasoconstriction, and, NE and Epi released from adrenal gland in response to low bp

A

baroreceptor reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

filters blood, makes urine, corrects blood volume

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

produces renin

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how body responds to low perfusion pressure and low blood volume

A

by constricting blood vessels until the body reaches a blood pressure that restores proper perfusion pressure AND fluid/Na+ retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

steps kidneys take to increase fluid retention and resistance in response to low renal perfusion pressure (5 main steps)

A

1.JG produces renin
2.renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
3. ACE converts angiotensin I to II
4. aldosterone increases Na retention
5. vasoconstrict/increase SVR in arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

conserve blood volume and increase resistance to correct low renal perfusion pressure

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

powerful vasoconstrictor

A

angiotensin II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

at level of blood vessel causes vasoconstriction

A

AVP (arginine vasopressin) (ADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

at level of kidney causes Na+ and fluid retention

A

AVP (ADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

at level of kidney causes a decrease in fluid retention

A

ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

at level of blood vessel causes vasodilation

A

ANP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
steps taken for problem of low blood volume (5 steps)
1. decrease in atrial filling causes B fibers to increases sympathetics 2. decrease in myocyte stretch causes decrease in ANP 3. brain increases AVP 4. Na+ and fluid retention 5. vasoconstriction (increase resistance)
26
increased intravascular pressure causes active _____ response
myogenic
27
increase in intravascular pressure causes what 2 things to happen: (myogenic response)
stretch and then vasoconstriction
28
high pressure surrounding tissue does what to vessels
compresses them
29
increased blood flow to tissue when metabolism increases/meet O2 demand (decrease in sympathetic tone of vessel)
Active hyperemia
30
exaggerated flow occurring after temporary ischemia (due to accumulation and washout of metabolites)
Reactive hyperemia
31
major metabolite causing vasodilation
Adenosine
32
comes from endothelium and is a critical component of homeostasis in vasculature
Nitric Oxide (NO)
33
major vasodilator from endothelium that converts GTP to cGMP and leads to vasodilation
NO
34
this is a major cause in development of atherosclerosis
dysfunctional endothelium
35
3 main factors of endothelial dysfunction
1. decreased NO 2. impaired vasodilation 3. contraction
36
intrinsic ABILITY of vascular. bed to regulate its own flow over a wide range of intravascular pressures
pressure-flow autoregulaton
37
2 most tightly autoregulated circulations
coronary and cerebral
38
pressure-flow autoregulation is mediated by what
myogenic and metabolic mechanisms
39
the CAPACITY for increasing flow within a given vascular bed (organ) at any given pressure
reserve
40
constricting influences establish persistent tone that can be intermittently overridden by what
local dilating influences (metabolic)
41
main way blood flow is autoregulated in coronary circulation
myogenic tone
42
key metabolic dilator in coronary circulation
Adenosine
43
important for flow mediated dilation in coronary circulation
NO
44
an excess of blood in the vessels supplying an organ or other part of the body
hyperemia
45
coronary flow in coronary circulation is stimulated by what
sympathetics (active hyperemia)
46
susceptible to ischemia due to vascular compression during systole
endothelium
47
compromised in coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis) +/or vasospasm
blood flow
48
brain metabolism
highly oxidative (glucose and O2)
49
2 main ways brain gets blood flow
Circle of Willis and cortical anastomoses
50
barrier in brain with tight junctions in endothelium
blood-brain barrier
51
how blood flow is autoregulated in the brain
myogenic tone
52
localized active hyperemia in the brain due to what
low pH
53
major metabolic controller in the brain
pH
54
causes global drop in brain pH and global brain hyperemia
hypercapnia (high blood PCO2)
55
any disruption of brain blood flow
stroke
56
disruption of brain blood flow due to thrombosis or embolism
ischemic stroke
57
bleeding causes damage and can promote prolonged ischemia through vasoconstriction
hemorrhagic stroke
58
in parallel AND series w/ other splanchnic organs (and why)
liver (b/c hepatic artery and portal vein)
59
this specific capillary bed is a blood reservoir
splanchnic bed
60
why do I get a cramp if I exercise after eating
b/c increase in sympathetic output causes vasoconstriction of splanchnic arteries and veins (limits blood flow)
61
8 fold increase in blood flow following a meal (elderly susceptible)
postprandial hyperemia
62
this circulation is due to counter current flow; interstitium of intestinal villi is hypertonic and hypoxic
mesenteric
63
allows for villi in small intestine to be hypertonic (absorption of water and components) and hypoxic (O2 moving from arterial to venous side)
counter current flow
64
perfused by hepatic artery (systemic pressure) and portal vein (low pressure)
liver
65
liver fibrosis; increased resistance to outflow
Cirrhosis
66
can ultimately lead to portal vein hypertension, esophageal varices and ascites
Cirrhosis
67
fluid out of circulation into abdominal wall
ascites
68
increased venous and sinusoid pressure in liver---> ascites can lead to
congestive heart failure
69
Capacity to increase blood flow > 20-fold during aerobic exercise
skeletal muscle circulation
70
at rest, this circulation experiences myogenic tone w/ high resistance and low flow; low O2 extraction
skeletal muscle circulation
71
during exercise, tone is overridden by active hyperemia
skeletal muscle circulation
72
experiences low resistance, high flow, and high O2 extraction
skeletal muscle during exercise
73
facilitate flow in contracting muscle (pumping veins and allows blood to go to heart) 2 things
muscle pump and reactive hyperemia
74
these in the skin experience vasoconstriction due to sympathetic _____ input
arterioles and venules; adrenergic
75
these in the skin experience sweating and vasodilation due to sympathetic _____ input
sweat glands; cholinergic (Ach)
76
what happens to nonapical skin vessels when it is cold and why
vasoconstriction (symp. adrenergic)
77
what happens to nonapical skin vessels when body is hot and why
vasodilation (symp. adrenergic withdrawal)
78
what happens to body in high heat/stress and why
sweating/vasodilation (symp. cholinergic)
79
Mainly myogenic tone with metabolic override (local autoregulation)
Coronary and cerebral circulation
80
Mainly sympathetic tone with metabolic override
skeletal and splanchnic muscle
81
Predominant sympathetic tone with limited metabolic influence (sympathetic cholinergic override in non-apical skin)
cutaneous circulation
82
local autoregulation with sympathetic control of glomerular filtration
renal circulation

CVR Biweekly 1 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions