Vascular Embryology

Question 1

3rd aortic arch gives rise to

Answer 1

carotids

Question 2

4th aortic arch gives rise to

Answer 2

subclavian

Question 3

6th aortic arch gives rise to

Answer 3

pulmonary arteries and PDA

Question 4

if components of the aortic arch don’t regress properly, what happens

Answer 4

vascular rings
(double aortic arch)

Question 5

encircles trachea and esophagus and patient can’t breath well or eat meat

Answer 5

Vascular Ring (double aortic arch)

Question 6

double aortic arch is commonly seen in what syndrome

Answer 6

DiGeorge

Question 7

truncus arteriosus defects, double aortic arch, and interrupted aortic arch are common cardiac malformations seen in what syndrome

Answer 7

DiGeorge

Question 8

patient w/ Turner Syndrome has high bp in R arm, check L arm and also see disseminated pulses in extremities=

Answer 8

coarctation of aorta (tight spot in aorta)

Question 9

hypoplastic left heart cause

Answer 9

flap of foramen ovale not working properly, so blood is not flowing to L atrium

Question 10

main cells that contribute to coronary artery development

Answer 10

epicardial-derived endothelial cells

Question 11

what helps tell the coronary arteries where they need to go (find their place on heart)

Answer 11

molecular signals

Question 12

coronary arteries usually join aorta, what happens if left coronary artery joins the left pulmonary artery? (ALCAPA)

Answer 12

pulmonary vasculature resistance drops and you get no blood flow through L coronary artery —–> heart failure and death

Question 13

what happens when anomalous left coronary artery comes from R sinus of Valsalva

Answer 13

gets squished b/t great arteries and can lead to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)

Question 14

the systemic venous pairs in the fetus all drain to what

Answer 14

sinus venosus (coronary sinus)

Question 15

set of paired veins in fetus that delivers oxygenated blood from mother to fetus

Answer 15

Umbilical veins

Question 16

set of paired veins in fetus that drains GI tract

Answer 16

Vitelline veins

Question 17

set of paired veins in fetus that drains the head, the neck, and extremities

Answer 17

Cardinal veins

Question 18

anterior cardinal vein deals with what area of body

Answer 18

head, neck, arms

Question 19

posterior cardinal vein deals with what area of body

Answer 19

below heart (lower extremities, azygos)

Question 20

vitelline vein that remains and becomes hepatic segment of IVC

Answer 20

R vitelline vein

Question 21

umbilical vein that remains and becomes ductus venosus

Answer 21

L umbilical vein

Question 22

Left common cardinal vein becomes what

Answer 22

coronary sinus

Question 23

anterior cardinal veins become smaller veins and what

Answer 23

SVC (superior vena cava)

Question 24

if left anterior cardinal vein persists, what happens

Answer 24

persistent LSVC: (bilateral superior vena cavas); still normal drainage to coronary sinus

Question 25

posterior cardinal veins

Answer 25

contribute to IVC

Question 26

happens when blood doesn't go straight to R atrium, so goes through azygos then to SVC then R atrium

Answer 26

interrupted IVC

Question 27

normal amount of pulmonary veins that usually enter in back of L atrium

Answer 27

4

Question 28

happens when 2 R pulmonary veins enter SVC instead of Left Atrium and there is also a hole that connects R and L atrium

Answer 28

PAPVR (partial anomalous pulmonary venous return) w/ sinus venosus ASD (atrial septum defect)

Question 29

happens when all pulmonary veins coalesce and join vertical vein draining to SVC, IVC, or coronary sinus

Answer 29

TAPVR (total anomalous pulmonary venous return)

Question 30

TAPVR when "vertical vein" drains to SVC

Answer 30

supracardiac

Question 31

TAPVR when "vertical vein" drains to coronary sinus

Answer 31

cardiac

Question 32

TAPVR when "vertical vein" drains to IVC

Answer 32

infracardiac