Taylor- Microcirculation

Question 1

2 main things the microcirculation regulates

Answer 1

solute and fluid transport

Question 2

regulate blood flow into tissues

Answer 2

Arterioles

Question 3

regulate # of perfused capillaries

Answer 3

Pre-capillary sphincters

Question 4

sites for exchange

Answer 4

capillaries and post-capillary venules

Question 5

route of exchange through inter-endothelial cell clefts

Answer 5

paracellular

Question 6

route of exchange through vesicular transport or directly through cell (including fenestrae)

Answer 6

Transcellular

Question 7

route for exchange depends on 2 things

Answer 7

type of endothelium
transported substance

Question 8

small solutes (gases, FA’s)
steroid and thyroid hormones

Answer 8

lipid soluble

Question 9

small solutes (electrolytes, glucose)
Albumin (protein)

Answer 9

hydrophillic

Question 10

becomes an osmotic force that pulls water into vessel when this substance is trapped inside vessel

Answer 10

Albumin

Question 11

Transendothelial diffusion of small solutes (flux of solute); O2 leaving blood to supply tissues (specifc organ)

Answer 11

Js

Question 12

what does the diffusion of small solutes (Js) really depend on

Answer 12

solute concentration gradient
(O2 will flow out, CO2 will flow in)

Question 13

the smaller the diffusion distance (delta x) =

Answer 13

greater flux of solute (Js)

Question 14

what happens if you increase concentration of solutes

Answer 14

increase their concentration gradient

Question 15

what happens if you increase the solutes’ utilization in the tissues (increasing the area for exchange)

Answer 15

increase their concentration

Question 16

opening what will increase the # of perfused capillaries, increasing the area for exchange

Answer 16

precapillary sphincters

Question 17

transendothelial fluid movement

Answer 17

Jv

Question 18

explain the picture

Answer 18

Pc - Pif is hydrostatic pressure
pi p - pi if is osmotic pressure

these two oppose each other

Question 19

equation that describes fluid movement (net water exchange)

Answer 19

Starling equation

Question 20

Jv is positive means what

Answer 20

filtration is happening (movement out of capillary)

Question 21

Jv is negative means what

Answer 21

absorption (movement into capillary)

Question 22

when Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) is positive

Answer 22

fluid is filtered into tissue

Question 23

when Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) is negative

Answer 23

fluid is absorbed from tissue to blood

Question 24

discontinuous capillary (very leaky) seen where

Answer 24

liver bed

Question 25

continuous fenestrated capillaries seen where

Answer 25

mesenteric bed

Question 26

continuous- unfenestrated capillary seen where

Answer 26

brain

Question 27

NFP + in resting skeletal muscle

Answer 27

filtering

Question 28

NFP - in the brain

Answer 28

absorbing

Question 29

change in local arteriolar tone alters what

Answer 29

NFP

Question 30

arteriolar dilation does what to NFP (filtration pressure)

Answer 30

increases

Question 31

arteriole constriction does what to NFP (filtration pressure)

Answer 31

decreases

Question 32

net flux at capillaries (Jv) is filtering while ____ are taking up that fluid and protein

Answer 32

lymphatics

Question 33

lymphatics all come together and dump into _______ returning stuff back to venous circulation

Answer 33

subclavian veins

Question 34

when filtration exceeds lymph flow (fluid accumulates in interstitial space)

Answer 34

edema

Question 35

fluid in abdomen

Answer 35

ascites

Question 36

deals w/ both hydrostatic and osmotic gradients; too much intravascular pressure or dilution of plasma proteins (low albumin)

Answer 36

Hydrostatic edema

Question 37

increased endothelial "leak"

Answer 37

permeability edema

Question 38

limitation in lymphatic drainage

Answer 38

lymphedema

Question 39

this is common w/ R sided heart failure

Answer 39

Hydrostatic edema

Question 40

signs of this include pitting edema around feet and ankles

Answer 40

heart failure

Question 41

high systemic capillary pressure increases______

Answer 41

filtration

Question 42

high pressure where leads to fluid in abdominal cavity (ascites)

Answer 42

liver sinusoids

Question 43

Answer 43

pulmonary edema

Question 44

high pulmonary capillary pressure leads to increased ______

Answer 44

fluid filtration in the lungs (pulmonary edema)

Question 45

promotes increased filtration and edema due to osmotic pressure decrease (decreased albumin)

Answer 45

hypoproteinemia

Question 46

associated w/ myxedema

Answer 46

hypothyroidism

Question 47

overproduction of ECM proteins; proteins pull water towards them in interstitial space

Answer 47

Myxedema

Question 48

Answer 48

Myxedema

Question 49

more filtration due to disruption of microvascular barrier

Answer 49

permeability edema

Question 50

one of the main injuries causing permeability edema

Answer 50

burns

Question 51

lymphatic disruption or obstruction (at lymph flow, not capillary)

Answer 51

Lymphedema

Question 52

impacts perfusion and diffusion (compresses circulation and make exchange harder)

Answer 52

edema

Question 53

painful pressure increase in muscle after damage; if edema is bad enough to restrict blood flow, pain and ischemia

Answer 53

Compartment Syndrome

Question 54

flux of solutes (Js) increases across endothelial barrier 3 ways:

Answer 54

1. opening of precapillary sphincters 2. conc. gradient of solutes 3. reduced diffusion distance

Question 55

flux of fluid across endothelial barrier into tissues increases with: (2 things)

Answer 55

1. increased hydrostatic pressure gradient (capillary pressure) 2. decreased osmotic pressure gradient (albumin)