Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochem > TCA > Flashcards

TCA Flashcards

1
Q

Aerobic pathways/ respiration

A

TCA

ETC / Oxidative Phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Reactions that take place in TCA

A

decarboxylation
redox
hydrogenation/dehydrogenation
isomerization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TCA coenzymes

A

NAD and FAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

vitamin derivative of NAD

A

niacin or nicotinamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

vitamin derivative of FAD

A

riboflavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

vitamin derivative of CoA

A

pantothenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vitamin B derivatives of NAD, FAD, and CoA are

A

fat soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

starting material for citric acid cycle

A

Acetyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

converts pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1 turn of TCA yields:

A

1 ATP
3 NADH
1 FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Step 1

A

Acetyle CoA + Oxaloacetate ——> Citrate

Citrate synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

reactions occuring in step 1

A

condensation

dehydration synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

number of carbons in oxaloacetate and Acetyle CoA

A

4C - Oxaloacetate

2C - Acetyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

6C molecule product of step 1

A

Citrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

by product of step 1

A

CoA-SH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Step 2

A

Citrate —–> cis - Aconitate ——> Isocitrate
(reversible)
aconitase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

tertiary alcohol which is not oxidizable

A

Citrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

secondary alcohol that can be oxidized

A

Isocitrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reactions in Step 2

A

Isomerization
dehydration
hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Step 3

A

Isocitrate ——–> Oxalosuccinase ———> a-ketoglutarate
isocitrate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reactions occuring in Step 3

A

Redox

decarboxylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

byproducts of Step 3

A

NADH

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

oxidizing agent in step 3

A

NAD+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ketone

formed when isocitrate is oxidized leading to reduction of NAD+ and decarboxylated

A

a-ketoglutarate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Step 4

A

a-ketoglutarate ———-> succinyl-CoA + CO2

a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

byproduct of Step 4

A

NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

coenzyme added in step 4

A

CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Reactions in Step 4

A

Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

bond formed by CoA

A

thioester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

ketone

A

succinyl-CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Step 5

A

succinyl-CoA ———> succinate
(reversible)
succinyl-CoA synthetase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

byproducts of Step 5

A

CoA-SH

GTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Reactions in Step 5

A

thioester bond cleavage in succinyl-CoA

phosphorylation of GDP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Step 6

A

succinate ———> Fumarate (reversible)

succinate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Reactions in step 6

A

Oxidation

-2H atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

byproduct of step 6

A

FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

alkane

A

succinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

alkene

trans double bond

A

Fumarate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Step 7

A

Fumarate ———> Carbanion transition state ——> L-malate
fumarase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

added to reaction in step 7

A

OH-

H+

41
Q

cis double bond; toxic

A

L-malate

42
Q

Step 8

A

L-Malate ———> Oxaloacetate

L-malate dehydrogenase

43
Q

byproduct of Step 8

A

NADH

H+

44
Q

oxidizing agent of Step 8

A

NAD

45
Q

Regulation of TCA

A

Citrate
Citrate synthase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase

46
Q

regulatory effector of the pathway

A

citrate

47
Q

inhibited by ATP, NADH, succinyl CoA

A

citrate synthase

48
Q

key regulatory enzyme

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

49
Q

inhibits citrate synthase

A

ATP
NADH
succinyl-CoA

50
Q

inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase

A

ATP

NADH

51
Q

stimulates isocitrate dehydrogenase

A

Ca2+
ADP
AMP

52
Q

Fates of Acetyl CoA

A

TCA
Ketone bodies
Steroids or fatty acids

53
Q

Redox reactions

A

3
4
6
8

54
Q

Decarboxylation reactions

A

3,4

55
Q

Dehydration reaction

A

2

56
Q

Hydration reactions

A

2,7

57
Q

Steps that produce NADH

A

3,8,4

58
Q

Step the produces GTP

A

5

59
Q

Step that produces FADH

A

6

60
Q

Steps that release CoA-SH

A

1,5

61
Q

Step that uses CoA-SH

A

4

62
Q

Sources of pyruvate

A

Glucose (via glycolysis)
Lactic Acid (via oxidation)
Alanine (via deamination)
Glucogenic AA (via catabolism)

63
Q

Fate of pyruvate

A

gluconeogenesis
conversion to lactate (via reduction)
conversion to OAA (via carboxylation)
conversion to ACoA (via oxidative decarboxylation)
synthesis of alanine (via transamination)

64
Q

central step for linking glycolysis with TCA

A

Oxidation of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

65
Q 
3C unit
reaction:
compartment:
site:
nature:
enzyme:
ATP produced:
A 
pyruvate
oxidative decarboxylation
mitochondria
all cells and tissues
catabolic
PDH
3 ATP per pyruvate
66
Q

a cluster of 3 enzymes that requires 5 cofactors

A

PDH

67
Q

Enzyme 1

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

68
Q

Enzyme 2

A

Dihydro Lipoyl Trans Acetylase

69
Q

Enzyme 3

A

Dihydro Lipoyl Dehydrogenase

70
Q

Coenzymes in PDH complex

A 
TPP - thiamine pyrophosphate
CoA
FAD
NAD
Lipoamide
71
Q

aka thioctic acid
has 2 S atoms and C atoms
can accept or donate H atoms

A

lipoate/lipoic acid

72
Q

decarboxylates pyruvate to make the enolic form of AcCoA

A

E1/ pyruvate dehydrogenase

73
Q

cofactors in E1

A

TPP

Vit B1

74
Q

turns this into regular AcCoA

A

E2

75
Q

cofactors of E2

A

CoA

Lipoic acid

76
Q

reconstructs lipoic acid

A

E2
FAD
Vit B2

77
Q

Oxidizes FADH back to FAD

A

E3
NAD
Vit B3

78
Q

nature of Acetyl CoA

A

amphibolic

79
Q

rate limiting enzymes of TCA

A

Citrate synthase
Isocitrate DH
a-KG DH

80
Q

total number of ATPs formed

A

38

81
Q

Common metabolic pathway

A

3,4

82
Q

Fuel for TCA

A

AcCoA

83
Q

Oxidizing agent for formation of C-O double bond

A

NAD

84
Q

Oxidizing agent for C-C double bond

A

FAD

85
Q

Two C enter as-

A

Acetyl group of AcCoA

86
Q

Two C leave as

A

CO2

87
Q

4 Vitamins needed in TCA

A

Riboflavin
Nicotinamide
Pantothenic A
Thiamine

88
Q

Catalyst of TCA
Regenerated
Can condense with many AcCoA

A

OAA

89
Q

ATP produced in glycolysis

A

8

90
Q

ATP produced in Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid

A

6

91
Q

ATP produced in krebs

A

24

92
Q

Methyl carbon of acetyl group is joined to carbonyl group (C2) of OAA

A

1

93
Q

Hydroxyl group of citrate is exchanged for an H atom on an adjacent carbon

A

2

94
Q

Isocitrate is oxidized by hydride transfer to NAD

Decarboxylation is facilitated by electron withrawal by bound Mn2+

A

3

95
Q

H atom must be removed from SH Group for CoA to form high energy thioester bond

Identical to PDH reaction

A

4

96
Q

Succinyl CoA’s thioester bond is hydrolyzed forming succinate which generates GTP

A

5

97
Q

Succinate formed from succinyl CoA is oxidized by FAD to fumarate

A

6

98
Q

Fumarate is hydrated to form L-malate

A

7

99
Q

Oxidation of L-malate to oxaloacetate

A

8

Biochem (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions