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TCA Flashcards

(99 cards)

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1
Q

Aerobic pathways/ respiration

A

TCA

ETC / Oxidative Phosphorylation

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2
Q

Reactions that take place in TCA

A

decarboxylation
redox
hydrogenation/dehydrogenation
isomerization

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3
Q

TCA coenzymes

A

NAD and FAD

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4
Q

vitamin derivative of NAD

A

niacin or nicotinamide

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5
Q

vitamin derivative of FAD

A

riboflavin

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6
Q

vitamin derivative of CoA

A

pantothenic acid

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7
Q

Vitamin B derivatives of NAD, FAD, and CoA are

A

fat soluble

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8
Q

starting material for citric acid cycle

A

Acetyl CoA

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9
Q

converts pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

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10
Q

1 turn of TCA yields:

A

1 ATP
3 NADH
1 FADH2

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11
Q

Step 1

A

Acetyle CoA + Oxaloacetate ——> Citrate

Citrate synthase

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12
Q

reactions occuring in step 1

A

condensation

dehydration synthesis

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13
Q

number of carbons in oxaloacetate and Acetyle CoA

A

4C - Oxaloacetate

2C - Acetyl CoA

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14
Q

6C molecule product of step 1

A

Citrate

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15
Q

by product of step 1

A

CoA-SH

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16
Q

Step 2

A

Citrate —–> cis - Aconitate ——> Isocitrate
(reversible)
aconitase

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17
Q

tertiary alcohol which is not oxidizable

A

Citrate

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18
Q

secondary alcohol that can be oxidized

A

Isocitrate

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19
Q

Reactions in Step 2

A

Isomerization
dehydration
hydration

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20
Q

Step 3

A

Isocitrate ——–> Oxalosuccinase ———> a-ketoglutarate
isocitrate dehydrogenase

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21
Q

Reactions occuring in Step 3

A

Redox

decarboxylation

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22
Q

byproducts of Step 3

A

NADH

CO2

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23
Q

oxidizing agent in step 3

A

NAD+

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24
Q

ketone

formed when isocitrate is oxidized leading to reduction of NAD+ and decarboxylated

A

a-ketoglutarate

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25
Step 4
a-ketoglutarate ----------> succinyl-CoA + CO2 | a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
26
byproduct of Step 4
NADH
27
coenzyme added in step 4
CoA
28
Reactions in Step 4
Oxidation
29
bond formed by CoA
thioester bond
30
ketone
succinyl-CoA
31
Step 5
succinyl-CoA ---------> succinate (reversible) succinyl-CoA synthetase
32
byproducts of Step 5
CoA-SH | GTP
33
Reactions in Step 5
thioester bond cleavage in succinyl-CoA | phosphorylation of GDP
34
Step 6
succinate ---------> Fumarate (reversible) | succinate dehydrogenase
35
Reactions in step 6
Oxidation | -2H atoms
36
byproduct of step 6
FADH2
37
alkane
succinate
38
alkene | trans double bond
Fumarate
39
Step 7
Fumarate ---------> Carbanion transition state ------> L-malate fumarase
40
added to reaction in step 7
OH- | H+
41
cis double bond; toxic
L-malate
42
Step 8
L-Malate ---------> Oxaloacetate | L-malate dehydrogenase
43
byproduct of Step 8
NADH | H+
44
oxidizing agent of Step 8
NAD
45
Regulation of TCA
Citrate Citrate synthase Isocitrate dehydrogenase
46
regulatory effector of the pathway
citrate
47
inhibited by ATP, NADH, succinyl CoA
citrate synthase
48
key regulatory enzyme
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
49
inhibits citrate synthase
ATP NADH succinyl-CoA
50
inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase
ATP | NADH
51
stimulates isocitrate dehydrogenase
Ca2+ ADP AMP
52
Fates of Acetyl CoA
TCA Ketone bodies Steroids or fatty acids
53
Redox reactions
3 4 6 8
54
Decarboxylation reactions
3,4
55
Dehydration reaction
2
56
Hydration reactions
2,7
57
Steps that produce NADH
3,8,4
58
Step the produces GTP
5
59
Step that produces FADH
6
60
Steps that release CoA-SH
1,5
61
Step that uses CoA-SH
4
62
Sources of pyruvate
Glucose (via glycolysis) Lactic Acid (via oxidation) Alanine (via deamination) Glucogenic AA (via catabolism)
63
Fate of pyruvate
gluconeogenesis conversion to lactate (via reduction) conversion to OAA (via carboxylation) conversion to ACoA (via oxidative decarboxylation) synthesis of alanine (via transamination)
64
central step for linking glycolysis with TCA
Oxidation of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
65
``` 3C unit reaction: compartment: site: nature: enzyme: ATP produced: ```
``` pyruvate oxidative decarboxylation mitochondria all cells and tissues catabolic PDH 3 ATP per pyruvate ```
66
a cluster of 3 enzymes that requires 5 cofactors
PDH
67
Enzyme 1
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
68
Enzyme 2
Dihydro Lipoyl Trans Acetylase
69
Enzyme 3
Dihydro Lipoyl Dehydrogenase
70
Coenzymes in PDH complex
``` TPP - thiamine pyrophosphate CoA FAD NAD Lipoamide ```
71
aka thioctic acid has 2 S atoms and C atoms can accept or donate H atoms
lipoate/lipoic acid
72
decarboxylates pyruvate to make the enolic form of AcCoA
E1/ pyruvate dehydrogenase
73
cofactors in E1
TPP | Vit B1
74
turns this into regular AcCoA
E2
75
cofactors of E2
CoA | Lipoic acid
76
reconstructs lipoic acid
E2 FAD Vit B2
77
Oxidizes FADH back to FAD
E3 NAD Vit B3
78
nature of Acetyl CoA
amphibolic
79
rate limiting enzymes of TCA
Citrate synthase Isocitrate DH a-KG DH
80
total number of ATPs formed
38
81
Common metabolic pathway
3,4
82
Fuel for TCA
AcCoA
83
Oxidizing agent for formation of C-O double bond
NAD
84
Oxidizing agent for C-C double bond
FAD
85
Two C enter as-
Acetyl group of AcCoA
86
Two C leave as
CO2
87
4 Vitamins needed in TCA
Riboflavin Nicotinamide Pantothenic A Thiamine
88
Catalyst of TCA Regenerated Can condense with many AcCoA
OAA
89
ATP produced in glycolysis
8
90
ATP produced in Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid
6
91
ATP produced in krebs
24
92
Methyl carbon of acetyl group is joined to carbonyl group (C2) of OAA
1
93
Hydroxyl group of citrate is exchanged for an H atom on an adjacent carbon
2
94
Isocitrate is oxidized by hydride transfer to NAD Decarboxylation is facilitated by electron withrawal by bound Mn2+
3
95
H atom must be removed from SH Group for CoA to form high energy thioester bond Identical to PDH reaction
4
96
Succinyl CoA's thioester bond is hydrolyzed forming succinate which generates GTP
5
97
Succinate formed from succinyl CoA is oxidized by FAD to fumarate
6
98
Fumarate is hydrated to form L-malate
7
99
Oxidation of L-malate to oxaloacetate
8

Biochem (7 decks)

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