Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CC2 > TDM 2 > Flashcards

TDM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anti-inflammatory agents and painkillers, thus considered to be therapeutic in nature

A

ANALGESICS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

salicylate/ aspirin complication

A

initial respiratory alkalosis
metabolic acidosis (use of free fatty acids producing ketones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

highest analytic sensitivity for salicylate TDM

A

GC or liquid chromatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

acetaminophen complication

A

hepato-cystic necrosis 3 to 4 days after overdose (unable to conjugate acetamidoquinone).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mechanism of acetaminophen complication

A

glutathione depleted due o conjugation with intermediates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

risk factor for acetaminophen toxicity

A

chronic alcoholic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

most common method for acetaminophen detection

A

FPIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

reference method for acetaminophen quantitation

A

HPLC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sedatives that have a tranquilizing effect through their depressant effect on the CNS.

A

BARBITURATES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BARBITURATES complication

A

cardiac arrest
respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

derived or chemically related to the substances derived from opium poppy

A

NARCOTICS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

NARCOTICS complications

A

respiratory depression
coma
respiratory acidosis
myoglobinuria
increase in serum indicators of cardiac damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pesticides exist as

A

organic complexes
organophosphates
carbamates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pesticides complication

A

inhibit acetylcholinesterase
salivation
lacrimation
involuntary urination and defection
bradycardia
muscular twitching
cramps
slurred speech
behavioral changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

major route for the general population for pesticide

A

Food contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

more common route among occupational contexts and accidental routes of exposure for pesticides

A

inhalation
transdermal absorption
ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lab diagnosis of pesticide poisoning

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibition in red blood cells
serum pseudocholinesterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

tasteless gas with 200- to 225-fold greater affinity for
hemoglobin than oxygen

A

carbon monoxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

carbon monoxide complication

A

suffocation
death
left shift in the oxygen- hemoglobin dissociation (heart and brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lab test of carbon monoxide

A

spot test (5 mL of 40% NAOH + 5 mL of aqueous dilution of WB = pink solution > 20%COHb)
differential spectrophotometry
GC (reference)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

4 heavy metals causing poisoning

A

lead
mercury
arsenic
cadmium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lead poisoning complications

A

vitamin D deficiency
Anemia (inhibition of heme)
GI irritation
weight loss
kidney damage
convulsions
altered cognition
encephalopathy
death

behavioral changes
hyperactivity
ADD (attention deficit disorder)
decrease in IQ scores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

most common method for blood lead quantification

A

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

common environmental contaminant – paint ingestion or continuous exposure in the soil

A

lead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

found in antibacterial agents, pesticides and batteries.

A

mercury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

mercury poisoning complications

A

GI irritation
severe kidney damage
neurologic symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

can be ingested without significant effects

A

elemental mercury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

only moderately toxic

A

cationic mercury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the most toxic mercury

A

organic mercury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

mercury deposits in

A

hydrophobic compartments (brain, peripheral nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

mercury poisoning is commonly detected with the use

A

atomic absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

found in pesticides, weed killer and is an ingredient in some paint

A

arsenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

arsenic poisoning complication

A

purging gastroenteritis
shredding of the stomach lining
formation of line in the fingernails
death (hemorrhagic gastroenteritis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

lab test for arsenic poisoning

A

urine atomic absorption spectrophotometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Metal found in many industrial processes, with its main use being in electroplating and galvanizing.

A

cadmium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

common human sources of cadmium

A

tobacco products
shellfish and vegetable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

cadmium toxicity

A

binds to proteins and cellular constituents, accumulates in the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

cadmium poisoning complications

A

nausea
vomiting and abdominal pain
respiratory irritation
dizziness, weakness, fever and chills
COPD
renal tubular dysfunction (proteinuria, glucosuria and aminoaciduria)
Vit D deficiency

Itai-itai (severe osteomalacia and osteoporosis from cadmium contaminated rice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

cadmium lab diagnosis

A

urine/whole blood -AAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Supertoxic substance that can exist as a gas, solid, or in solution.

A

cyanide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

cyanide is found in

A

rodenticides
pyrolysis product from burning of some plastics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

cyanide toxicity

A

binds to iron of the heme molecule leading to depletion of cellular ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

cyanide complications

A

headache
dizziness
respiratory depression
seizure, coma and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

most common lab diagnosis of cyanide poisoning

A

Ion-selective electrode
photometric analysis of two-well microdiffusion separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

lab diagnosis for chronic low level cyanide exposure

A

urinary thiocyanate concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

reference method for most of the analytes under
substance of abuse

A

GC-MS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

disadvantages of lab techniques for substance of abuse

A

only detect recent drug use
does not differentiate between single use or chronic abuse

48
Q

ethanol complication

A

alcoholic hepatitis
cirrhosis

49
Q

ethanol metabolism is enacted by ___ converting alcohol to ___, further acted upon by ____.
final metabolite ___ is excreted in urine

A

alcohol dehydrogenase
acetaldehyde
aldehyde dehydrogenase
acetic acid

50
Q

reference method for ethanol determination

A

GC

51
Q

0.01 – 0.05 g/ 100 ml stage

A

Subclinical

52
Q

Subclinical manifestation of alcohol

A

normal

53
Q

0.04 – 0.12 g/100 ml

A

euphoria

54
Q

euphoria manifestation

A

Sociability
talkativeness
increased self-confidence
decreased inhibition
Diminution of attention, judgment and control
sensory-motor impairment
Slowed information processing

55
Q

0.09 – 0.25 g/ 100 ml stage

A

excitement

56
Q

excitement stage manifestation

A
  • decreased sensory response
  • emotional instability
  • sensory-motor incoordination
  • increased reaction time
  • reduced visual acuity
  • loss of critical judgment
  • impairment of perception, memory and comprehension
  • drowsiness
  • impaired balance
57
Q

0.18 – 0.30 g/ 100 mL

A

Confusion

58
Q

confusion stage manifestations

A

▪ Disorientation, mental composition, dizziness
▪ Exaggerated emotional state
▪ Disturbance of vision
▪ Increased pain threshold

59
Q

0.27 – 0.40 g/ 100 mL

A

Stupor

60
Q

stupor manifestations

A

General inertia approaching loss of motor function
▪ Greatly decreased response to stimuli
▪ Notable muscular incoordination, inability to stand or walk
▪ Vomiting, incontinence of urine and feces
▪ Impaired consciousness, sleep or stupor

61
Q

0.35 – 0.50 g/ 100 mL

A

Coma

62
Q

coma stage

A

Complete unconsciousness
▪ Anesthesia, depressed or abolished reflexes
▪ Subnormal temperature
▪ Impaired circulation and respiration
▪ Possibly death

63
Q

0.45

A

Death from respiratory arrest

64
Q

widely used in paints, solvents, antifreeze and solid
canned fuels.

A

methanol

65
Q

metabolites of methanol

A

formaldehyde and formic acid

66
Q

methanol complication

A

metabolic acidosis
pancreatic necrosis
visual impairment

67
Q

CNS stimulants that block dopamine receptors
in the brain

A

Amphetamines

68
Q

Amphetamines use

A

narcolepsy and ADD treatment

69
Q

amphetamine/ MDMA/ ecstasy complications

A

violent behavior,
seizures
hyperthermia
liver toxicity
renal failure

70
Q

CNS stimulant that is metabolized by cholinesterase.

A

cocaine

71
Q

cocaine complications

A

hypertension
myocardial infarction
seizure
cardiotoxicity
sudden death.

72
Q

metabolite of cocaine found in urine after 3 days

A

benzoylecgonine

73
Q

Produce psychologic effects and are stored in
fat cells.

A

cannabinoid compounds

74
Q

cannabinoid compounds complication

A

rare and not severe

75
Q

Phencyclidine

A

abused anesthetic
stimulant
hallucinogen
depressant

76
Q

phencyclidine complications

A

violent tendencies
seizures
respiratory depression
death.

77
Q

Opiates use

A

analgesic
sedation
anesthesia

78
Q

opiates treatment

A

naloxone

79
Q

lab diagnosis of opiates

A

immunoassay –> initial
GC-MS confirmatory

80
Q

types of cardioactive drugs

A

Digoxin
Antiarrhythmic drugs

81
Q

chemical agents that maintains normal heart function

A

Cardioactive drugs

82
Q

major cardiac glycoside and alters the force of
contraction through its effect on the ATPase pump in heart muscle.

A

digoxin

83
Q

Blood specimens for digoxin should be collected when

A

8 hours after dose

84
Q

digoxin complications

A

nausea
rapid heart rate
visual impairment

85
Q

prescribed to treat irregular heartbeat that produces inappropriate ventricular contraction or tachycardia.

A

Antiarrhythmic drugs

86
Q

5 antiarrhythmic drugs

A

lidocaine
procainamide
disopyramide
quinidine
propanolol

87
Q

two active metabolites of lidocaine

A

monoethylglycinexylidide
glycinexylide

88
Q

Procainamide produces

A

N-acetylprocainamide

89
Q

adverse reactions of disopyramide

A

anticholinergic effects

90
Q

used as an alternative to quinidine if the
side effects of the said drug become intolerable

A

disopyramide

91
Q

produces several active metabolites

A

Quinidine

92
Q

increases digoxin when taken with digoxin

A

quinidine

93
Q

monitoring of quinidine

A

only involves trough level

94
Q

generally prescribed for hypertension, certain arrythmias, migraine and other conditions related to
sympathetic stimulation.

A

propanolol

95
Q

propanolol toxicity

A

excessive inhibition of sympathetic nervous system
bradycardia
hypotension
cardiac failure

96
Q

alters transmission of nerve impulses within the brain to minimize the seizures of epilepsy

A

Anticonvulsants

97
Q

relax bronchial smooth muscle for the relief
or prevention of asthma.

A

Bronchodilators

98
Q

most common bronchodilator

A

Theophylline

99
Q

Theophylline metabolites

A

caffeine

100
Q

3 types of psychotropic or antipsychotic drugs

A

lithium
antidepressants
fluoxetine

101
Q

used to treat manic-depressive illness.

A

lithium

102
Q

lithium is eliminated as

A

unchanged drug

103
Q

used to treat depression

A

tricyclic antidepressants

104
Q

TAD peak serum concentrations are reached in the range of

A

2-12 hours

105
Q

TAD complications

A

drowsiness
constipation
blurred vision
memory loss.
seizure
cardiac arrythmia
unconsciousness

106
Q

blocks serotonin uptake by nerve terminals in the CNS and by platelets

A

Fluoxetine

107
Q

medications to treat cancer

A

Antineoplastic drugs

108
Q

rapidly metabolized or incorporated into
cellular macromolecular structures within seconds to minutes of their administration.

A

Antineoplastic drugs

109
Q

antibiotics with serious side effects requiring moniyoring

A

amikacin
gentamycin
tobramycin
vancomycin
chloramphenicol

110
Q

amikacin toxic effects

A

nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity

111
Q

gentamicin toxic effects

A

nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
vertigo
respiratory paralysis

112
Q

tobramycin toxic effects

A

nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
vertigo
respiratory paralysis

113
Q

vancomycin close monitoring is recommended for patients with

A

reduced renal function
propensity for bacterial infection

114
Q

Chloramphenicol toxicity

A

toxic to bone marrow
aplastic anemia
blood dyscrasias
cardiovascular collapse

115
Q

aspirin use

A

analgesic
antipyretic,
anti-inflammatory drug.

116
Q

lab diagnosis of salicylates

A

GC LC (highest sensitivity, specificity)
immunoassays
chromogenic assay (trinder salicylate + ferric nitrate)

117
Q

acetaminophen use

A

analgesic

CC2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions