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Teach me anatomy heart Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

At what level does the pulmonary trunk split into the right and left pulmonary arteries

A

T5-T6

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2
Q

At what level does the superior vena cava drain into the right atrium

A

Level of 3rd rib

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3
Q

At what level does the inferior vena cava pass through the diaphragm and enter the pericardium

A

Level of T8

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4
Q

Where does blood leaving the left ventricle go

A

Passes into the aorta

Enters systemic circulation

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5
Q

Where does blood leaving the right ventricle go

A

Pulmonary circulation via pulmonary arteries

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6
Q

What is the role of the right auricle

A

Muscular pouch acts to increase the capacity of the atrium

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7
Q

What separates the inferior surface of the right atrium

A

Crista terminalis

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8
Q

Where does the coronary sinus open into

A

Right atrium

Between the inferior vena cava orifice and the right atrioventricular orifice

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9
Q

Describe the interatrial septum

A

Solid muscular wall that separates the right and left atria

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10
Q

What is the fossa ovalis

A

Remnant of the foramen ovale

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11
Q

What was the role of the foramen ovale

A

Allows right to left shunting of blood to bypass the lungs

Closes once the newborn takes its first breath

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12
Q

What does the left atrium receive blood from

A

Oxygenated - 4 pulmonary veins

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13
Q

What are the series of irregular muscular elevations called found in the right and left ventricle

A

Trabeculae carnae

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14
Q

What is the rate at which the SA node generates impulses influenced by

A

Autonomic nervous system
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic

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15
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart

A

Increases firing rate of the SA node

Increases HR

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16
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart

A

Decreases firing rate of the SA node

Decreases HR

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17
Q

Where is the atrioventricular node located

A

Within the atrioventricular septum

Near the opening of the coronary sinus

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18
Q

What is the role of the AV node

A

Delay impulses

Ensure the atria have enough time to fully eject the blood into the ventricles before ventricular systole

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19
Q

How long does the AV node delay impulses

A

120ms

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20
Q

Where are purkinje fibres located

A

Sudendocardial surface of the ventricular walls

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21
Q

What are the three layers of the heart

A

Endocardium

Myocardium

Epicardium

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22
Q

Describe the endocardium

A

Innermost layer

Lines the cavities and valves of the heart

Regulates contractions

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23
Q

Describe the subendocardial layer

A

Lies between and joins the endocardium and myocardium

Purkinije fibres located here

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24
Q

Describe the myocardium

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A

Composed of cardiac muscle

Involuntary striated muscle

Responsible for the contractions of the heart

25
Describe the subepicardial layer
Lies between and joins the myocardium and the epicardium
26
Describe the epicardium
Outermost layer Formed by the visceral layer of the pericardium
27
What is significant about the epicardium
Connective tissue secretes small amount of lubricating fluid into the pericardial cavity
28
What is the outer surface of the epicardium lined by
Simple squamous epithelial cells
29
What is the pericardium
Fibro-serous Fluid filled Sack that surrounds the muscular body of the heart and the roots of the great vessels
30
What are the layers of the pericardium
Tough external layer - fibrous pericardium Thin internal layer - serous pericardium
31
Describe the fibrous pericardium
Continuous with the central tendon of the diaphragm Made of tough connective tissue Relatively non-distensible Rigid structure prevents overfilling of the heart
32
Describe the serous pericardium
Enclosed within the serous pericardium Divided into two layers
33
What are the two layers of the serous pericardium
Outer parietal layer Internal visceral layer
34
What does the outer parietal layer of the serous pericardium line
Internal surface of the fibrous pericardium
35
What does the internal visceral layer of the serous pericardium form
The outer layer of he heart - epicardium
36
What are the two layers of the serous pericardium made up of
Single sheet of epithelial cells - mesothelium
37
How do you remember the layers of the heart
Fart Police Smell Villains
38
What does Fart Police Smell Villains stand for
F - fibrous layer of pericardium P - parietal layer of the serous pericardium S - serous fluid V - visceral layer of the serous pericardium
39
What is the role of the pericardium
Fixes the heart Prevents overfilling Lubrication Protection from infection
40
What is the innervation of the pericardium
Phrenic nerve C3-C5
41
What is a common source of referred pain and why
Phrenic nerve Originates in the neck and travels down the thoracic cavity
42
What are valves composed of
Connective tissue Endocardium
43
What are the two atrioventricular valves
Tricuspid valve Mitral (bicuspid) valve
44
Where are the atrioventricular valves located
Between the atria and ventricle
45
What are the examples of the semilunar valves
Pulmonary valve Aortic valve
46
Where are the semilunar valves located
Between the ventricles and corresponding artery
47
Are the atrioventricular valves open or close during the start of ventricular contraction (systole)
Close
48
What is systole
Ventricular contraction
49
Where is the tricuspid valve located
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
50
Where is the mitral valve located
Left atrium and left ventricle
51
How many papillary muscles are there in total
5
52
How many papillary muscles are there in the right ventricle
3
53
How many papillary muscles are there in the left ventricle
2
54
When do semilunar valves close
Beginning of ventricular relaxation (diastole)
55
What is diastole
Ventricular relaxation
56
What produces the first heart sound
Close of the AV valves
57
What produces the second heart sound
Closing of the semilunar valves
58
Where is the pulmonary valve located
Between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
59
Where is the aortic valve located
Between the left ventricle and ascending aorta

The Heart (12 decks)

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