Test 1: 12 obstetrics

Question 1

difficult birth, extended labor

Answer 1

dystocia

Question 2

normal, safe labor and birth

Answer 2

eutocia

Question 3

successive fertilization of two or more ova by different sires

Answer 3

Superfecundation

Question 4

successive fertilization of two or more ova of different ovulations at different times resulting in the presence of embryos of unlike ages

Answer 4

Superfetation

Question 5

inhibition of uterine contractions

Answer 5

Tocolytic

Question 6

inducing contractions of the uterus resulting in expulsion of a fetus

Answer 6

ecbolic

Question 7

signs of approaching parturition in cow

Answer 7

24-48 hrs prepartum
relaxation of pelvic, especially sacrosciatic ligaments, “springer”, vulvar relaxation and lengthening, cervical relaxation, vulvar mucus discharge from liquification of cervical mucus, udder enlargement/edema, +/- ventral edema, udder secretion changes from honey-like to yellowish, cloudy, viscous colostrum; restlessness, anorexia in the last several hours prepartum.

Question 8

signs of approaching parturition in mare

Answer 8

relaxation of sacrosciatic ligaments and vulva, udder development 0-6 weeks prepartum, udder edema, oozing of colostrum (“waxing”) 0-48 hours prepartum, restlessness, sweating, anorexia, vulvar discharge not evident; udder secretion becomes “sticky”, cloudy, milky.

Question 9

in sow, bitch and queen signs of partuition

Answer 9

privacy-seeking, nesting, vulva flaccid, enlarged, and edematous, mammary gland enlargement.

Question 10

gestation length of cow

Answer 10

280

Question 11

gestation length of mare

Answer 11

340

Question 12

gestation length of ewe

Answer 12

146

Question 13

gestation length of doe

Answer 13

146

Question 14

gestation length of sow

Answer 14

114

Question 15

gestation length of bitch

Answer 15

63

Question 16

gestation length of queen

Answer 16

64

Question 17

which females have corpus luteum throughout preg

Answer 17

cow
doe
sow
bitch

Question 18

which females do not have CL throughout all of preg

Answer 18

ewe
mare
queen

Question 19

how is parturition initiated

Answer 19

• fetus makes cortisol, this causes progesterone to convert into estrogen in the ewe, mare and queen, in the cow, doe, sow and bitch the placenta will make estrogen
• this will lead to PGF2a production
• causes luteolysis of CL and/or uterine contrations
• oxytocin is released
• ferguson’s reflex
• fetal expulsion

Question 20

fetal cortisol causes the conversion of — to —, which leads to — production during parturition

Answer 20

progesterone to estrogen
PGF2a

cow, dow, sow, bitch- CL throughout preg
ewe, mare, queen- placenta makes estrogen

Question 21

what is ferguson’s reflex

Answer 21

fetus pushing on cervix caused the release of more oxytocin which leads to more uterus contractions

Question 22

stage 1 of birth include

Answer 22

cervical relaxation
uterine contraction
fetal positioning

Question 23

foals change to what position in stage 1 partuition

Answer 23

Foals turn from “upside down” (dorsopubic) to “right side up” (dorsosacral) position.

Question 24

stage II partuition starts with

Answer 24

repture of chorioallantosis and release of allantoic fluids

Question 25

what happens in stage II partuition

Answer 25

starts with rupture of chorioallantois * active abdomonial and uterine contractions * expulsion of fetus

Question 26

white membrane?

Answer 26

amnion * chorioallantois- red bag has been ruptured

Question 27

--- is a tocolytic drug that stops labor by causing uterine relaxation.

Answer 27

Clenbuterol

Question 28

Answer 28

Sc histosomus reflexus

Question 29

physical of dam with dystocia

Answer 29

TPR, degree of abdominal enlargement, exhaustion, recumbency, agitation, mucus membranes, character of vaginal discharge, fetal membrane presence and character, straining.

Question 30

how to tell front legs from back legs

Answer 30

Question 31

If the sole of the foot points up and you have a hind leg then the fetus is in --- position.

Answer 31

dorsal sacral

Question 32

If the sole of the hoof point down and you have a front leg then the fetus is in --- position.

Answer 32

dorsal sacral

Question 33

fetus stressed and poops called

Answer 33

meconium

Question 34

three principles of obstetrics

Answer 34

lubricant hygiene compassion

Question 35

presentation of the fetus is

Answer 35

relation of the spine of the fetus to the spine of the dam

Question 36

Answer 36

**Anterior, longitudinal** presentation, **dorso-sacral** with head neck and left leg extended. Right leg flexed at the shoulder.

Question 37

Answer 37

Posterior, longitudinal presentation, dorso-sacral, hind legs flexed.

Question 38

Answer 38

Transverse, dorsal presentation, left cephalo-ilial

Question 39

position of fetus is the relation of

Answer 39

dorsum of the fetus in longitudinal presentation (or head in transverse) to the quadrants of the maternal pevis (sacrum, right, ilium, left, ilium, pubis)

Question 40

Answer 40

**anterior presentation**, dorso pubic, head, neck and front legs are flexed. This is the orientation that the equine fetus is in most of gestation.

Question 41

Answer 41

Transverse, ventral presentation, right cephaloilial position.

Question 42

normal orientation for most fetus

Answer 42

anterior (head first), longitudinal (spines in line), dorsosacral (belly down), head,neck and forelimbs extended

Question 43

Answer 43

Normal orientation. Longitudinal, anterior, dorsosacral, head, neck and front legs extended

Question 44

normal orientation for animals with many babies

Answer 44

posterior, longitudinal, dorsoscaral, hindlimbs extended (back feet first, belly down

Question 45

term used to return fetus to normal position or presentation

Answer 45

mutations

Question 46

3 steps of mutations during delivery

Answer 46

* repulsion * rotation or version * extension of extremities

Question 47

--- is turning the fetus on its long axis

Answer 47

rotation

Question 48

what is version

Answer 48

rotation of fetus on its transverse axis into an anterior or posterior presentation * rare and difficult to do