test 2: 19

Question 1

— are based on actual sow spaces, while — and — are based on actual pig numbers

Answer 1

breeding farm size
nursery and grow/finish sites

Question 2

what are three ways for assisted repro in pigs

Answer 2

AI: cervical AI and post cervical AI

Fresh cooled semen (59-64°)

Question 3

why is AI easier in pigs

Answer 3

vagina cones into cervix- easy entry

Question 4

why can’t you short cycle a pig

Answer 4

only one follicle wave during a cycle

Question 5

puberty in pigs depends on

Answer 5

genetics- maternal vs terminal
weight (240-300 lbs)
age: 4.5-8 months (2-3 in mini pigs)
movement
season

Question 6

what is the boar effect

Answer 6

why to group puberty
daily smell
21-25 weeks of age direct in pens

Question 7

estrous cycle in pigs

Answer 7

nonseasonal, polyestrus
21 day
estrus : gilts (36-48 hrs), sow (48-72 hrs)
ovulation- 3/4th through estrus

Question 8

how is progesterone used for hormonal manipulation in pigs

Answer 8

induce/synchronize cycling
* will cause estrus 4-9 days later
* not common to use, but can be used on gilts

Question 9

PGF2 alpha is used for — in pigs

Answer 9

induce parturition
* farrow at specific time

Question 10

PG 600 is used for —

Answer 10

induce estrus is non-cycling animals (gilts must be >5.5 months old and >187 lbs)

• combo of equineCG and humanCG
• has FSH and LH effects

Question 11

ovugel is a — that is used to cause —

Answer 11

GnRH agonist (triptorelin acetate)

• ovulation in 40-48 hrs
• to be used 22-24 hrs after/before AI
• used for show pigs

Question 12

how does immunocastration work

Answer 12

2 x injection
* will cause damage to pituitary → no testosterone = no boar like characteristics

Question 13

when a pig is lactating it is in which estrous stage

Answer 13

in anestrous

Question 14

when does weaning occur in pigs

Answer 14

21 days - California longer

Question 15

wean to estrus interval in pigs

Answer 15

4-7 days in length

Question 16

estrus behavior in pig

Answer 16

mounting
fence walking
vocalizing
tilted ears
kyphosis- arches back

Question 17

when to inseminate a pig

Answer 17

12-24 hrs prior to ovulation
* ovulation 3/4 through estrus, estrus (36-48 hrs in gilts) and (48-72 hrs in sow)

Question 18

why not breed pig x2 a day

Answer 18

post mating uterine inflammation will cause leukocytes and uterine contractions
* 12 hrs at least between AI

Question 19

gestation length in pigs

Answer 19

114 +/- 2 days
(3months, 3 weeks, 3 days)

Question 20

maternal recongnition of pregnancy in pigs

Answer 20

embryos enter at 48-60 hrs post ovulation
* embyro migration for 2 weeks
* trophoblast estradiol secretion → intraluminal PGF
* FGF7

Question 21

how to do preg checks in pigs

Answer 21

• behavior- are they back in estrus 18-25 days later
• US B mode 21-35 days

Question 22

common vaccines needed for pigs

Answer 22

PLE shot
parvo
lepto
erysipelas

• can give vaccine 2-6 weeks before farrowing to alter colostrum

Question 23

normal piglet interval duirng parturition

Answer 23

every 10-15 mins
↑ 2 hrs is abnormal

Question 24

— is given to pigs to synchronize farrowing

Answer 24

PGF2a
farrow in 30 hrs post injection

Question 25

zearalenone causes --- in pigs

Answer 25

mycotoxin (fungus-Fusarium roseum) on grain, corn, barely, wheat, sorghum **estrogen like effect** * Implantation failure * Enlarged vulva, delayed maturity * Irregular estrus, mammary development * Vaginal/rectal prolapse

Question 26

cystic follicles in pigs

Answer 26

usually one cyst that does not effect fertility * if they develop more cysts or have decreased fertitity, they are culled, there is no treatment

Question 27

how to diagnose infections in pigs

Answer 27

* history * **paired serum**- one sample and then another sample later * tissues- fetal membranes, necropsy

Question 28

parvo in pigs causes

Answer 28

**SMEDI**- Stillbirths, mummies, embryonic death, infertility treatment: vaccinate

Question 28

--- is the most economically significant pig disease in the USA

Answer 28

PRRS- porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

Question 29

PRRS causes

Answer 29

porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome * $$$ * abortion and death * slow growth * can vaccinate * do not introduce naive pig into PRRS+ herd

Question 30

pseudorabies causes ---

Answer 30

also called Aujesky's disease * reproductive failure and reduced fecundity- med itch ## Footnote eradicated from commercial pig herds, but still in feral herds

Question 31

--- is the most common bacterial cause of repro wastage in swine

Answer 31

lepto (should be vaccinated- test with paired serology)

Question 32

lepto is spread

Answer 32

transplacental

Question 33

how to diagnosis and treat lepto

Answer 33

diagnosis: paired serology, necropsy- lesions (lung hemorrhages, kidney/liver necrosis) treat= prevent= vaccinate, ∓ antibiotics in feed

Question 34

swine brucellosis causes --- in pigs

Answer 34

**Adult** = Abortion, infertility, **unilateral orchitis** **Piglets** = Posterior paralysis, lameness, weak, unthrifty ## Footnote brucella suis- can be carried by other hosts- rabbit, reindeerm rodents

Question 35

boar repro anatomy

Answer 35

* prepuce and penis attached until 3-6 months * fibroelastic penis- with cork screw penile tip * have all the accessory sex glands

Question 36

when is puberty in boars?

Answer 36

2 months in small breeds 2-6 month average * breeding programs start **7-8 months** * mature at 12-16 months

Question 37

how much ejaculate for boar

Answer 37

**voluminous** (up to 500+mL), with high numbers of sperm (100+ billion sperm)