Test 1

Question 1

What is health

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

What are the dimensions of wellness

Answer 2

Physical
Occupational
Social
Intellectual
Spiritual
Emotional

Question 3

What is an infectious disease

Answer 3

something you can catch from someone else

Question 4

what is a chronic disease

Answer 4

diseases that effect us for a long period of time and slowly develop

influenced by lifestyle and genetics

Question 5

What are the pillars of public health

Answer 5

epidemiology and disease control
environmental health
health promotion and health education

Question 6

What is physical activity

Answer 6

any bodily movement

Question 7

What is exercise

Answer 7

activity that enhances an aspect of fitness, specific and intentional actions

Question 8

what is fitness

Answer 8

attainment of specific criteria to function efficiently and effectively

Question 9

What are the health related aspects of fitness

Answer 9

cardiovascular endurance
muscular endurance
muscular strength
flexibility
body composition

Question 10

What are the skill related aspects of fitness

Answer 10

agility
balance
coordination
power
speed
reaction time

Question 11

What are the metabolic fitness components

Answer 11

blood sugar levels
blood lipid levels
blood hormone levels

Question 12

What is bone integrity

Answer 12

bone density and strength

Question 13

what is kinesiology

Answer 13

study of physiological process and anatomy of the body during movement

Question 14

What are case studies

Answer 14

describes what happens to one or a few individuals

ex: graded exercise science test

Question 15

What is a cross sectional study

Answer 15

when you compare different groups of people at a given point in time

ex: fit vs. unfit

Question 16

what is a longitudinal study

Answer 16

studies group of people over a long period of time and are able to study long term behaviors and outcomes

Question 17

what is an experimental study

Answer 17

it examines a group before and after training and identifies pre/post changes over time

Question 18

What are the types of muscle movement

Answer 18

sliding filament theory
muscle contraction
aerobic
anaerobic (no oxygen for ATP)

Question 19

Muscle fibers stained light, anaerobic and suited to strength and speed

Answer 19

Fast twitch muscle fiber

Question 20

muscle fibers stained dark, aerobic and suited to endurance activity

Answer 20

slow twitch muscle fiber

Question 21

What does the body use for energy production

Answer 21

food (fats, protein, carbohydrates)

ATP

Question 22

Anaerobic Immediate source for energy

Answer 22

creatine phosphate system

~10 seconds

Question 23

Anaerobic short-term source for energy

Answer 23

Glycolysis- glucose stored in cell and within muscle
ATP and pyruvate
(~20-120 seconds)

Question 24

Aerobic long term source for energy

Answer 24

ocydative phosphorylation
uses fat as energy source
(3+ minutes)

Question 25

Graded exercise test (GXT)

Answer 25

``` heart rate blood pressure rating od perceived exertion gas exchange blood lactate ```

Question 26

What does GXT determine

Answer 26

normal response to exercise maximal aerobic capacity VO2 max

Question 27

VO2 max formula

Answer 27

= mL/ kg (body weight)/ minutes

Question 28

Gross energy expenditure

Answer 28

PA plus resting EE

Question 29

Net energy expenditure

Answer 29

PA only

Question 30

Resting energy expenditure

Answer 30

1 MET

Question 31

Metabolic Equivalent

Answer 31

MET

Question 32

1 MET equivalents

Answer 32

1 MET= 3.5 mL O2/ kg/ min | 1 MET= 1 kcal/ kg/ hour

Question 33

What is heart rate

Answer 33

frequency of heart beats/minute

Question 34

what is blood pressure

Answer 34

pressure that your blood exerts on the blood vessels

Question 35

Systolic pressure

Answer 35

pressure when the heart if contracting "pumping" Left ventricle

Question 36

Diastolic pressure

Answer 36

Pressure when the heart is relaxing "filling"

Question 37

Amount of blood pumped with each beat

Answer 37

stroke volume

Question 38

amount of blood pumped from heart per minute of exercise

Answer 38

cardiac output (L/min) heart rate x stroke volume

Question 39

amount of oxygen removed from the blood for muscle use

Answer 39

O2 extraction

Question 40

Difference between artery oxygen values and venous oxygen values in the muscle

Answer 40

AvO2

Question 41

VO2

Answer 41

volume of oxygen utilized during exercise measured in MET directly related to the intensity of exercise

Question 42

maximal amount of oxygen used at maximal exercise

Answer 42

VO2 max

Question 43

What are the principles of training

Answer 43

specificity overload progression reversibility

Question 44

What is specificity

Answer 44

specific adaption imposed demands

Question 45

What is overload

Answer 45

training effects that occur when the body is challenged at a level beyond which it is normally accustomed FITT

Question 46

what is progression

Answer 46

overload increased over time

Question 47

Expected change in endurance training and VO2 max

Answer 47

15% increase in VO2 max

Question 48

accounts for 40-66% VO2max

Answer 48

genetic predisposition

Question 49

Why does VO2 max increase

Answer 49

heart adaptions to deliver more oxygen | muscles can use more oxygen

Question 50

What is an indication of glycolysis

Answer 50

Blood lactate

Question 51

Lactate Threshold

Answer 51

point at which lactate begins to accumulate in the blood, which indicates a switch to anaerobic metabolism as a primary source of ATP

Question 52

WHy does lactate threshold shift after training

Answer 52

increased blood flow (removes lactate) increased reliance on aerobic metabolism important marker for training

Question 53

What does aerobic training lead to

Answer 53

``` structural and biochemical changes in muscle metabolic changes bone density cardiovascular strength thermoregulatry adaptions ```

Question 54

Increased ability to recruit muscle fibers to activate motor units

Answer 54

physiological adaptions to strength training

Question 55

When does muscle enlargement occur?

Answer 55

10+ weeks

Question 56

What is epidemiology

Answer 56

study of distribution and determinates of disease and disability in populations

Question 57

Physical Activity Epidemiology

Answer 57

``` Who is physically active How much activity do they do Where they are active When are they active Why are they active What do they do How does this affect disease ```

Question 58

Looked at Drivers and Conductors to see who was more active and who stayed more healthy

Answer 58

Morris 1953 study

Question 59

PA Measurement

Answer 59

Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) Physical Activity (PAEE) Basal Metabolic Rate (BMEE)

Question 60

What is TEE

Answer 60

thermic effect of food

Question 61

What is PAEE

Answer 61

energy expended through PA

Question 62

What is BMEE

Answer 62

energy necessary for breathing and circulation at rest

Question 63

Monitors gas exchange and measures energy usage

Answer 63

indirect calorimetry

Question 64

uses isotopes and monitors their elimination from the body

Answer 64

doubly labeled water

Question 65

Nonlab methods to measure PA

Answer 65

pedometer direct observation self-report instruments

Question 66

Total number of cases of a disease or condition in a given population at a specific time, or how many people meet PA guidelines

Answer 66

Prevalence

Question 67

Long term movement or change in PA frequency

Answer 67

Trend

Question 68

How many adults participate in 150+ min of moderate PA per week

Answer 68

51.7%

Question 69

How many adults participate in aerobic and muscle strength training

Answer 69

21%

Question 70

Who are lower risk groups (>56%)

Answer 70

athletes greek students intramurals black, nonhispanic

Question 71

Who are higher risk groups (<40)

Answer 71

females asian international LGBQ

Question 72

Who is the most active age group among adults

Answer 72

18-24 year olds

Question 73

increase in proportion of "light" MET jobs decrease in moderate MET jobs increase in sedentary jobs

Answer 73

Occupational Trends in PA

Question 74

What are some changes in transportation and auto dependence

Answer 74

vehicles per liscenced driver has increased | daily vehicle miles per capita has increased

Question 75

PA Trends in the last 50 years

Answer 75

``` leisure time PA increase work related PA decrease transportation decrease activity in home decrease sedentary activity increase ```

Question 76

What is a dose response?

Answer 76

the amount of physical activity or exercise that is necessary to achieve a specific outcome, based on FITT guidelines

Question 77

First PA Recommendations in 1961

Answer 77

were made to prevent heart disease

Question 78

Human Services PA Guidelines

Answer 78

150 min of moderate aerobic work or 75 min of vigorous work in 10 minute bouts AND muscle strength training 2 days per week with sets between 8-12 reps

Question 79

Moderate intensity in METs

Answer 79

3-5.9 MET

Question 80

Vigorous intensity in MET

Answer 80

6+

Question 81

Recommendations for children and adolescent PA

Answer 81

60+ min of daily activity vigorous activity 2 days/ week strength bone strengthening

Question 82

Recommendations for older adult PA

Answer 82

same guidelines as for adults improve balance progress slowly

Question 83

Recommendations for pregnant women PA

Answer 83

Continue with regular guidelines

Question 84

Recommendations for people with disabilities PA

Answer 84

same guidelines as adults | be as active as conditions allow