Six steps of scientific method
Observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, report results
Relationship between two variables
Correlations
Are hypothesis with broad application that are supported by MANY experiments
Theories
All organisms consist of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from existing cells.
Cell theory
Change occurs in inherited traits of a population over generations.
Evolution
All substances consist of atoms
Atomic theory
Microorganisms cause many diseases.
Germ theory
What is biology
The scientific study of life
7 main characteristics of living organisms
Order, regulation, growth and development, energy utilization, response to environment, reproduction, evolution
Order
Living things are complex and organized; not random
Living things maintain relatively constant internal conditions (HOMEOSTASIS)
Regulation
Living things grow and develop.
Growth and development
Living things acquire and use material and energy; as a result of this they produce wast
Energy utilization
Living things respond to stimuli
Response to environment
Living things have baby’s
Reproduction
POPULATIONS of living things have the capacity to evolve; NOT a trait of an individual
Evolution
Scales of biological organization (10)
Biosphere, echo system, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell@ organelle, molecule and atom
The whole planet
Biosphere
Includes biotic and abiotic elements. Ex. Species conservation
Echo system
Is a pure substance that can not be broken down by chemical means into any other substance.
Element
96% of the human body is made up of these elements
C, H, O, and N
Is the smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that element.
Atom
(+) charge
Proton
(-) charge
Electron
(No charge)
Neutrons
Is an atom that either gained or lost electrons.
Either net negative or net positive.
Ion
Electrons that are donated
Ionic bonds
Share electrons
Covalent bonds
Polar covalent bonding can lead to the formation of?
Hydrogen bonds
Atoms joined by bonds.
Molecules
If a substance dissociates such that the concentration of H+ exceeds that of -OH ions that substance is an?
Acid
Is a substance that either adds -OH ions to a solution Or removes H+ ions from solutions.
Base
Water and life 4 important properties?
- hydrogen bonding
- high specific heat
- the solid state floats on the liquid state
- it’s a good solvent of polar molecules
How a tree gets water up to its branches
Cohesion
Molecules with affinity for water
Hydrophilic
Molecules that do not dissolve in water
Hydrophobic