test 1-ch 1,2,3

Question 1

what is psychology?

Answer 1

specific study of behavior and the mind

Question 2

what is behavior?

Answer 2

actions that can be observed and recorded

Question 3

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 3

first lab dedicated to psych(Germany, 1879), structuralism

Question 4

structuralism

Answer 4

basic structures of the mind

Question 5

William James

Answer 5

first psych lab in the US, fuctionasim

Question 6

functionalism

Answer 6

functions of the mind and its purpose

Question 7

psychodynamic theory

Answer 7

Sigmund Frued, unconscious thoughts about sex, death, childhood experiences

Question 8

Behaviorism

Answer 8

Watson, Skinner, Pavlov, study only what is directly observable

Question 9

cognitive theory

Answer 9

Piaget, Tajfel, thought process, memory, problem solving, used computer as analogy for the mind

Question 10

Humanistic theory

Answer 10

Maslow, Rodgers, human potential, (marriage/family counseling is examples)

Question 11

Biopsychological theory

Answer 11

Gazzaniga, brains, neurons, chemicals

Question 12

types of descriptive research

Answer 12

naturalistic observation, case studies, surveys

Question 13

3 neurons and their functions

Answer 13

sensory-message from senses, inter-connect sensory and motor, motor-messages to muscles

Question 14

6 parts of a neuron

Answer 14

cell body/soma, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminal and terminal buttons, synapse

Question 15

how to send a neural message

Answer 15

electrically charged chemcials flow in and out of the soma thru ion channels (sodium and potassium+) (chloride-)

Question 16

resting potential

Answer 16

cell is not firing, negatively charged on the inside, (-70 mv)

Question 17

action potential

Answer 17

firing of a neuron, must reach threshold, neuron becomes positive as sodium flows in(+40mv)

Question 18

reuptake

Answer 18

neurotransmitters are reabsorbed

Question 19

Acetylcholine

Answer 19

excitatory, attention, memory, motivation…muscle contractions(nerve gas results in overuse; botulin blocks its use

Question 20

Norephinephrine

Answer 20

excitatory, learning, memory, alertness…wakefulness, moods (depression and mania)

Question 21

Glutamate

Answer 21

excitatory, used by most neurons, increases efficiency of neural connections

Question 22

Dopamine

Answer 22

inhibitory, attention, learning, pleasure, motivation…associations of sensations with memory&emotions, smooth movement (parkinsons) and schizophrenia/mood

Question 23

serotonin

Answer 23

inhibitory, calming effect, sleep, dreaming, pain relief, low levels cause depression and agression, eating and apetitite

Question 24

GABA

Answer 24

inhibitory, precise muscular coordination, inhibits eating and agression, alcoholism & tetanus

Question 25

endorphins

Answer 25

primary natural pain reliever, runners high

Question 26

Agonist

Answer 26

drug mimics neurotransmitters (fits in receptor site well enough to work).....ex:morphine(endorphins), L-Dopa (dopamine)

Question 27

Reuptake inhibitors

Answer 27

blocks drugs pre-synaptic neurons from reabsorbing a neurotransmitter so more remains in the synapse for future use,... ex: prozac(serotonin)

Question 28

antagonists

Answer 28

drugs block a neurotransmitter from receptor site on post synaptic neuron so neurotransmitter does get used, but reabsorbed.......ex: curare and botulin(acetylcholine)

Question 29

Brainstem

Answer 29

oldest region of the brain, controls basic functions

Question 30

medula &pons

Answer 30

in the brainstem, controls breathing and heart-rate, sleep and arousal , circulation

Question 31

cerebellum

Answer 31

brainstem, coordinating movement and balance, effected first by alcohol

Question 32

reticular formation

Answer 32

brainstem, alertness, sleep/arousal

Question 33

Midbrain

Answer 33

neural relay station

Question 34

superior and inferior colliculus

Answer 34

in the midbrain, coordinate movement with sight and sound

Question 35

Substantia Nigra

Answer 35

produces dopamine

Question 36

thalamus

Answer 36

part of limbic system, sensory relay station, recieves info from all senses besides smell, combinds sight and sound for simutaneous interpretation

Question 37

hypothalamus

Answer 37

limbic system, "pleasure center", regulates hunger, thirst, body temp, sexual behavior

Question 38

amygdala

Answer 38

limbic system, emotion center, helps to process smell with hippocampus

Question 39

hippocampus

Answer 39

memory center, helps to process smell with amygdala

Question 40

cerebral cortex lobes and functions

Answer 40

frontal(logic, processing, reasoning, motor cortex), parietal(somatosensory cortex), occipital (visual), temporal(auditory)

Question 41

Brocas area

Answer 41

language production, located in the frontal lobe

Question 42

Wernickes area

Answer 42

language comprehension, located in the temporal lobe

Question 43

angular gyrus

Answer 43

visual ability to read and understand, located in visual cortex

Question 44

corpus callosum

Answer 44

nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres

Question 45

left vs right side of the brian fuctions

Answer 45

left- language and logic, breaks down info | right-spacial ability, puts together connections, recognizes faces

Question 46

how do the eyes and the optic nerve work

Answer 46

right side of visual field goes to the left brain, left side of visual field goes to the right brain

Question 47

Hemholtz

Answer 47

did experiments with reaction times that led to structuralism

Question 48

gestalt psychology

Answer 48

the mind plays a big role in perception

Question 49

empericism

Answer 49

accurate knowledge can be aquired through observation

Question 50

what is the breakdown of the nervous system?

Answer 50

-central(brain&spinal), peripherial -peripherial=somatic and autonomic(involuntary) autonomic=sympathetic(arousing) and parasympthathic (calming)

Question 51

pituitary gland

Answer 51

master gland-releases hormones into body