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CCP Ecology > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Topic 1: Classification

A

Cards 2-14

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2
Q

Taxonomy

A

study of identification and classification of living things

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3
Q

Classify to:

A
  • organize the diversity of life
  • make it easier to remember organisms’ traits when grouped
  • show relatedness between organisms
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4
Q

Classification pyramid
- Dr. King Phil Came Over For Great Soup

A

Species
Genus
Family
Order
Class
Phylum
Kingdom
Domain

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5
Q

The three living things in domain is

A
  1. eukarya
  2. bacteria
  3. archaea (type of bacteria)
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6
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

identifies species using genus (1st) & species (2nd)
- genus name is capitalized
- name is italicized if typed, underlined if
handwritten

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7
Q

Scientific name benefits

A
  • no mistake about what the animal is
  • seldom change
  • universal
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8
Q

Biological species definition

A

ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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9
Q

Typological species definition

A

similar characteristics

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10
Q

Phylogenetic species definition

A

determined by evolutionary history

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11
Q

Morphological characters

A

physical features that distinguish species

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12
Q

Biochemical characters

A

differences in DNA sequences & chromosome #s that distinguish species

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13
Q

Dichotomous key

A

series of two questions in pairs that eventually lead to an organism as it’s answered

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14
Q

Cladogram

A

diagram that shows shared traits that have evolved over time
- animal above trait has listed trait
- closer 2 animals are, the more closely related
- traits listed before 1st animal are ancestral traits

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15
Q

Topic 2: Describing Populations

A

cards 16-32

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16
Q

Immi/Emigration

A

immigration = enters, population increases
emigration = exits, population decreases

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17
Q

Nata/Mortality

A

natality = births, population increases
mortality = deaths, population decreases

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18
Q

Carrying capacity

A

largest number of individuals that a given environment can support long term
- most populations fluctuate around CC
- can change

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19
Q

Population density

A

count of the # of individuals divided by the area

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20
Q

Limiting factor

A

keeps a population from continuing to increase indefinitely
- 2 types- density-dependent, density-independent

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21
Q

Density-dependent factors

A

depends on population size, usually biotic
- ex: predation, disease, competition, parasitism,
abiotic- natural disasters

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22
Q

Density-independent factors

A

affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size
- ex: human altercations of landscape, forest fire,
pollution

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23
Q

Logistic growth

A
  • population changes in a limited environment
  • organisms do NOT have all resources for success
  • population grows until it reaches carrying capacity
    equation: dN/dt = rN[(K-N)/K]
  • S-shaped curve
  • steeper slope/more individuals = faster growth
  • growth eventually slows until it levels off
  • limiting factors keep pop from continuing to grow
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24
Q

Exponential growth

A
  • population changes in an UNlimited environment
  • equation: dN/dt = rN
  • organisms have all resources for success
  • J-shaped curve
  • steeper slope/more individuals = faster growth
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25
Reproductive patterns affect carrying capacity
1. R-strategist 2. K-strategist
26
R-strategist
- environment: unpredictable - organism size: small - life span: short - offspring #: many w/ little energy spent in raising them - strategy: produce many offspring in little time to take advantage of favorable conditions
27
K-strategist
- environment: predictable - organism size: large - life span: long - offspring #: few w/ lots energy spent in raising them - strategy: produce few offspring that have a better chance of surviving and reproducing
28
Population range
larger geographical area where a population exists
29
Dispersion/Dispersal patterns
physical arrangement of the individuals - 3 types: even/uniform, clumped, random
30
Even/uniform dispersion
*** ***
31
Clumped dispersion
*** * *** *
32
Random dispersion
* * *
33
Topic 3: Vocab
cards 34-40
34
Organism
type of living thing
35
Population
some type of living things
36
Community
groups of populations
37
Ecosystem
biotic and abiotic components of an environment
38
Biome
large area defined by climate and vegetation
39
Biosphere
all places on Earth where life exists
40
Habitat
places where an organism lives
41
Topic 4: Ecosystem and Biome Ecology
cards 42-52
42
Community
group of different species that live in the same area and interact
43
Pioneer species
the first species to arrive at a disturbed area
44
Range of tolerance
upper and lower limit of an environmental factor that defines the conditions in which a species can survive
45
Ecological succession
change in an ecosystem when one community replaces another - 2 types: primary (no topsoil) and secondary (soil)
46
Primary succession
pioneer species breaks down rocks using enzymes to form soil - sequence of events: pioneers colonize - pioneers die - organic matter to soil - small weeds/ferns grow - soil builds - shrubs grow
47
Secondary succession
orderly and predictable change that occurs when community is removed but soil is intact - pioneer species are plants - often occurs after floods, earthquakes, fires
48
Climax community
mature and stable community that changed little over time
49
Weather
atmospheric conditions of a specific area at a specific time
50
Climate
average atmospheric conditions of a specific area
51
Biome
group of ecosystems with similar climates and similarly adapted organisms
52
Climatograph
climate graph - months on x-axis - precipitation & temperature on y-axis - bars represent precip and line represent temp
53
Topic 5: Community Interactions
cards 54-64
54
Symbiosis
any relationship in which two species live closely together
55
Mutualism
symbiotic relationship between 2 organisms both benefit from their interactions: +,+
56
Commensalism
symbiotic relationship between 2 organisms where one benefits and the other isn’t affected: +,0
57
Amensalism
symbiotic relationship between 2 organisms where one harms another w/o any costs/benefits to itself: 0,-
58
Parasitism
symbiotic relationship between 2 organisms where one benefits and the other is harmed: +,-
59
Predation
one organism (predator), kills & consumes another organism (prey) for food & gaining energy: +,killed
60
Competition
rivalry between/among living things for a limited resource: -,-
61
Intra/Interspecific
intra = the same species inter = different species
62
Niche
role/job in the community
63
Niche partitioning
process that occurs when competing species show different patterns of resource use
64
Ways to partition
size, altitude, time
65
Topic 6: Biodiversity
cards 66-71
66
Biodiversity
variety of life - 3 types: genetic, species, ecosystem
67
Genetic diversity
variety of genes/inheritable traits in a population
68
Species diversity
variety of different organisms in an area
69
Species richness
how many different species are present
70
Species evenness
relative amount of each species
71
Ecosystem diversity
variety of different ecosystems in an area - regions closer to equator have more eco diversity

CCP Ecology (4 decks)

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