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test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Quadrangular Space?

A

Inferior margin: teres minor

surgical neck of humerus

Superior margin: teres major

Lateral margin: long head of the triceps brachii

Contents: axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein

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2
Q

What is the Triangular Space?

A

Superior margin: teres major

Inferior margin: teres minor

Medial margin: long head of the triceps brachii

Contents: circumflex scapular artery and vein

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3
Q

What is the Triangular Interval?

A

Lateral margin: long head of the triceps brachii

Shaft of the humerus

Inferior Margin: teres major

Contents: profunda brachii artery and radial nerve

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4
Q

Where does the radial nerve divide at?

A

At the lateral epicondyle into deep and superficial branches

Deep Radial Artery changes to PIN

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5
Q

What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Radial: C5, C6. C7, C8. T1

Musculocutaneous Nerve: C5, C6, C7

Ulnar: C7, C8, T1

Axillary: C5, C6

Median: C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

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6
Q

What is Syndactyly?

A

fusion of two or more digits

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7
Q

What is Polydactyly?

A

Extra digits

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8
Q

What is macrodactyly?

A

enlarged digits

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9
Q

What is adactyly?

A

absence of digits

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10
Q

What is ectrodactyly?

A

lobster claw, typically missing middle finger

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11
Q

What is amelia?

A

complete absence of one or more extremities

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12
Q

What is meromelia?

A

partial absence of one or more extremities

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13
Q

What is phocomelia?

A

shortened lower extremities

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14
Q

What and where does the brachiocephalic artery split into?

A

Subclavian artery, axillary artery at 1st rib, and brachial artery at inferior border of teres major

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15
Q

After day 20, the mesoderm splits into how many pairs of somites and spinal nerve pairs?

A

44 somites and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

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16
Q

Upper limb buds at what spinal nerves? Lower Limb buds at what spinal nerves?

A

C5-T1

L2-S2

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17
Q

What are prime movers and secondary movers for Shoulder Flexion? (4)

A

Prime Movers: Anterior Deltoid, coracobrachilais

Secondary Movers: Pec Major clavicular, Long head of biceps

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18
Q

What are prime movers and secondary movers for Shoulder Extension? (5)

A

Prime Movers: Lats, teres major, posterior deltoid

Secondary Movers: Long head of tricep, pec major sternocostal head

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19
Q

What are prime movers for Shoulder abduction? (2)

A

Middle Deltoid
Supraspinatus

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20
Q

What are prime movers for Shoulder adduction? (4)

A

Lats, teres major, coracobrachialis, long head of triceps

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21
Q

What are prime movers and secondary movers for Shoulder External Rotation? (3)

A

Prime: Infraspinatus and teres minor

Secondary: posterior deltoid

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22
Q

What are prime movers and secondary movers for Shoulder internal rotation? (5)

A

Prime: Subscapularis, lats, teres major, pec minor

Secondary: Anterior deltoid

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23
Q

What are prime movers for Shoulder horizontal abduction? (4)

A

posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor

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24
Q

What are prime movers and secondary movers for hadd

A

Prime: pec major

Prime: anterior deltoid, coracobrqchialis

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25
Total ROM of shoulder abduction? What two joints do this movement?
180 degrees, ST joint and GHJ joint 30 degrees- no ST motion 30-120 degrees- 1:1 120-180 degrees- 2 or 3:1
26
What movement does the coracohymeral ligament resist?
External rotation of shoulder with arm at side
27
What movement does the superior glenohumeral ligament prevent?
Limits inferior translation and ER
28
What movement does the middle GHJ prevent?
Limits anterior translation
29
What movement does Inferior GHL resist?
Superior and anterior translation and External rotation
30
What does the costoclavicular ligament prevent?
Checks clavicular elevation and superior glide
31
What movement does the interclavicular ligament prevent?
Checks excessive depression and downward glide
32
What movement does anterior and posterior SC ligament prevent?
Checks excessive A/P motion
33
What does the acromio clavicular ligament do?
Stabilizes AC joint
34
What movement does the coracoclavicular ligament prevent? What two parts of it?
conoid- prevents vertical displacement trapezoid- most lateral, guides clavicle during rotation
35
Falling on shoulder vs falling on elbow?
Falling on elbow results in AC joint dislocation with no ligament rupture Falling on shoulder results in AC joint and coracoclavicular rupture
36
What movement does the radial collateral ligament resist?
Hyperextension of the elbow
37
What movement does the ulnar collateral ligament resist?
Valgus stress (over head throwing motions) and hyperextension of the elbow
38
What is Tommy John's surgery?
Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament typical in athletes
39
What movement does the annular ligament assist?
Stabilizes the radial head in the radial notch for pronation and supination
40
What is monteggia?
ulnar fracture with radial head dislocation
41
What is galleazzi?
radial fracture with distal radial ulnar joint dislocation
42
Who is the parent structure of the ulnar and radial artery?
Brachial artery
43
What movement does the humeroulnar joint do?
Elbow flexion and extension
44
What movement does the humeroradial joint do? What kind of joint is it?
Elbow flexion and extension Synovial, hinge
45
What movement does the proximal radioulnar joint do? What kind of joint is it?
Pronation and supination Synovial, pivot
46
Borders of the cubital fossa? Contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial?
Superior- imaginary line from the lateral and medial epicondyle Medial- lateral border of pronator teres Lateral- medial border of the brachioradialis muscle TAN Biceps Tendon, Brachial Artery, Median Nerve
47
What is the median cubital vein?
Where the cephalic and basilic veins meet Where blood is drawn
48
What is the interosseus membrane?
holds the radius and ulna together transfer axial forces from distal radius to proximal ulna
49
What kind of joint is the distal radioulnar joint? What movement does it support?
Pivot type joint Pronation and supination
50
What movement does the radiocarpal joint support?
flexion, extension, radial deviation and ulnar deviation
51
What movement does the midcarpal joint support?
flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation and circumduction
52
What kind of joint is the CMC joint of the thumb?
Saddle, Basilar
53
What makes up the anatomical snuffbox?
APL EPL EPB
54
What are in each extensor compartment?
1st compartment: Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis 2nd: ECRB, ECRL 3rd: Extensor pollicis longus 4th: Extensor digitorum and indicis 5th: exrensor digiti minimi 6th: extensor carpi ulnaris
55
What are the three different arches in the hand?
Distal transverse arch Proximal transverse arch Longitudinal arch
56
What are in the three flexor compartments?
Superficial: flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris Intermediate: Flexor digitorum superficialis Deep: Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
57
What is no man's zone?
Where FDS bifurcates to allow FDP to go through which is in zone 2
58
How many annular pulleys? How many cruciate pulleys?
Annular- circular and 5 Cruciate- cross and 4
59
What is trigger finger?
stenosing tenosynovitis, Inflammation of A1 pulley
60
What is in Guyon's canal? What are its borders?
Ulnar artery and nerve, pisiform and hook of hamate
61
Where is another place where the ulnar nerve can be compressed?
Cubital tunnel

human gross anatomy (12 decks)

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