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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

(94 cards)

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0
Q

Carries blood to and from the body

* blood alternates between pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit

A

Systemic circuit

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1
Q

Carries blood to and from gas exchange surface of lungs

A

Pulmonary circuit

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2
Q

Carry blood away from heart

A

Arteries

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3
Q

Carry blood to heart

A

Veins

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4
Q

Networks between arteries and veins

  • also called exchange vessels
  • exchange materials between blood and tissues: dissolved gases, nutrients, waste products
A

Capillaries

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5
Q

Collects blood from systemic circuit

A

Right atrium

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6
Q

Pumps blood to pulmonary circuit

A

Right ventricle

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7
Q

Collects blood from pulmonary circuit

A

Left atrium

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8
Q

Pumps blood to systemic circuit

A

Left ventricle

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9
Q

Double lining of the pericardial cavity

A

Pericardium

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10
Q

Inner layer of pericardium

A

Visceral pericardium

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11
Q

Outer layer

*forms inner layer of pericardial sac

A

Parietal pericardium

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12
Q

Is between parietal and visceral layers

*contains pericardial fluid

A

Pericardial cavity

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13
Q

Fibrous tissue

*surrounds and stabilizes the heart

A

Pericardial sac

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14
Q

________ ______ divides atria and ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus

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15
Q

Separate left and right ventricles

*contain blood vessels of cardiac muscle

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus

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16
Q

Three layers of the heart wall

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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17
Q

Interconnect cardiac muscle cells

*propagate action potentials

A

Intercalated discs

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18
Q

Connect right atrium to right ventricle and left atrium to left ventricle
- are folds of fibrous tissue that extend into openings between atria and ventricles

A

AV valves

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19
Q

Recieves blood from head, neck, upper limbs, and chest

A

Superior vena cava

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20
Q

Receives blood from trunk, viscera, and lower limbs

A

Inferior vena cava

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21
Q

Cardiac veins return blood to coronary sinus

-coronary sinus opens into right atrium

A

Coronary sinus

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22
Q

The dichroic notch is known as the

A

Reflection period

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23
Q

Origin of the right common carotid artery

A

Brachiocephalic artery

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24
Origin of the left common carotid
Aorta
25
Origin of the right subclavian
Brachiocephalic
26
Origin of the left subclavian
Arch of the aorta
27
The heart sits between two pleural cavities in the __________
Mediastinum (areas between the lungs)
28
______ layer of the heart * visceral pericardium * covers heart
Epicardium
29
Which valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle
Right AV valve, also called tricuspid valve
30
Which valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Left AV valve- bicuspid/mitral valve
31
Blood leaves the left ventricle through the _____ _____
Aortic valve (left semilunar)
32
_____ ____ divides into left and right pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary trunk
33
Blood flows from right ventricle to ____ _____ through pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk
34
Origin if the right and left coronary arteries
Aortic sinuses (1st branch of the aorta)
35
How many coronary arteries come off the aorta?
2
36
Left coronary artery = the _____ interventricular
Anterior interventricular
37
Right coronary artery= _______ interventricular
Posterior
38
The great cardiac vein drains blood from area of ___________ interventricular artery into coronary sinus
Anterior | Supply's left ventricle
39
Anterior cardiac veins empty into right ________
Atrium (right ventricle)
40
The ____ node contains the pacemaker cells
SA node
41
What connects the cardiac muscles of the conduction system
Purkinje fibers
42
The contraction of the heart is ____ msec
300 msec
43
Atrial depolarization
P wave
44
Ventricle depolarization
QRS complex
45
Ventricle repolarozation
T wave
46
Shows if conduction system is working properly
P-R
47
Produced by an increase in calcium ion concentration around myofibrols
Contraction of a cardiac muscle cell
48
Calcium ions enter plasma membrane during the ______ phase
Plateau
49
Contraction
Systole
50
Relaxation
Diastole
51
Atrial contractions begin | - right and left AV valves are open
Atrial systole * atria eject blood into ventricles (filling ventricles)
52
AV valves close * Ventricles contain maximum blood volume * known as end diastolic volume
Atrial systole ends
53
AV valves close during ventricular systole causing ___________ contraction
Isovolumetric
54
Ventricular pressure exceeds vessel pressure opening the semilunar valves and allowing blood to leave the ventricle
Ventricular ejection
55
Amount of blood ejected is called the _____ volume
Stroke volume SV= EDV- ESV
56
Heart full
End diastole
57
First sound of the heart beat is ____ valve closing
AV
58
Second sound of the heartbeat is closure of the ______ valve
Semilunar
59
The volume pumped by left ventricle in one minute
Cardiac output CO= HR x SV
60
Factors affecting the stroke volume
1) preload 2) contractility 3) after load
61
The degree of ventricular stretching during ventricular diastole
Preload | * directly proportional to EDV
62
Force produced during contraction at a given preload
Contractility * affected by: Autonomic activity Hormones
63
An increase by any factor that restricts arterial blood flow
After load | * as after load increases stroke volume decreases
64
Factors that control EDV
Filling time, rate of venous return
65
Factors that control ESV
Preload, contractility, after load
66
Smallest branches of arteries
Aterioles
67
Three layers of the vessel walls
1. Tunica intima 2. Tunica media 3. Tunica externa
68
The endothelial lining * connective tissue layer * internal elastic membrane
Tunica intima
69
Contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle in loose connective tissue, binds together inner and outer layers - external elastic membrane (separates tunica media from tunica externa)
The tunica media
70
Anchors vessel to adjacent tissues in artists - contains collagen fibers - elastic fibers
Tunica externa
71
What do arteries have that veins do not?
Elastic
72
Arteries do not have ______
Valves
73
Close to the heart more _____ arteries
Elastic arteries
74
Farther away from the heart more ____ arteries
Muscular
75
Arterial have little to no _____ ______
Tunica externa | * has to be in an organ
76
Name of the normal capillaries
Continuous capillaries
77
Capillaries with big holes ( found in choroid plexus, endocrine organs, kidneys and intestinal tract)
Fenestrated capillaries
78
Capillaries that have gaps between adjacent endothelial cells (found in liver, spleen, bone marrow, endocrine organs)
Sinusoids
79
Main blood supply to the thigh
Femoral
80
Main blood supply to the hip
Deep formal
81
What does the circle of Willis supply?
``` Internal carotid (front) Vertebral (back) ```
82
What supplies the blood to the spinal cord
Anterior cerebral artery
83
Where is the origin of the basilar
Post cerebral
84
Where is the origin of the post cerebral origin?
Post communicating artery
85
Where is the origin of the aorta
The left ventricle
86
What is the first branch below the diaphragm?
Inferior phrenic
87
First major branch of the abdominal aorta?
Celiac plexus
88
Where is the termination of the aorta?
The right and left common Iliac
89
Inbetween the superior mesenteric and the inferior mesenteric
Gonadals
90
External iliac
Femoral artery
91
Internal iliac
Uterine artery
92
Celiac plexus consists of:
1) left gastric (feeds top of stomach) 2) splenic (feeds bottom of stomach) 3) hepatic
93
Lateral branches of the aorta
Supra renal Renal Lumbar

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (5 decks)

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