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Embalming > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Death rattle

A

Respiratory gurgling in throat of dying person

Caused by lack of cough reflex

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1
Q

Moribund

A

A dying condition during Agonal period

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2
Q

Death struggle

A

Semi convulsive twitches that occur before death

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3
Q

Somatic death

A

The body loses physiological & metabolic activity

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4
Q

Brain death

A

If respiration & heartbeat are not reestablished

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5
Q

Biological death

A

Simple life processes of various organs and tissues cease

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6
Q

Post Mortem cellular death

A

Cells use up stored elements, overcome by autolytic processes & die

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7
Q 
How long do each take to die?
Brain & nerve cells
Muscle cells
Cornea cells 
Blood cells
A

5 min
3 hours
6 hours
6 hours

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8
Q

Necrobiosis

A

Natural death of cells

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9
Q

Necrosis

A

Cells die due to disease

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10
Q

Agonal algor

A

Cooling of body prior to death

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11
Q

Agonal hypostasis

A

Settling of blood into dependent tissues of body

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12
Q

Agonal coagulation

A

Blood begins to clot & congeal

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13
Q

Agonal capillary expansion

A

Opening of pores into walls of capillaries

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14
Q

Agonal edema

A

Increase in amount of moisture or fluids

Result from disease or capillary expansion

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15
Q

Agonal dehydration

A

Decrease in moisture or fluids

Results from disease or capillary expansion

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16
Q

Translocation

A

Movement of micros from one area to another

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17
Q

Physical changes

A

Brought on by forces of nature

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18
Q

Chemical change

A

Brought on by chemical changes

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19
Q

Algor Mortis

A

Postmortem cooling of the body

Body will cool to surrounding environment

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20
Q

Intrinsic factors vs extrinsic factors

A

Factors that affect cooling within body itself
Vs
Factors within surrounding environment

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21
Q

Hypostasis

A

Process in which blood settles

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22
Q

Livor Mortis

A

1/2 to 2 hours after death
Also known as postmortem lividity
Discoloration of skin from blood as a result from hypostasis

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23
Q

Imbibition

A

Ability of cells to draw moisture from surrounding areas into themselves

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24
Sludge
Blood sticks together in clumps due to dehydration | Sludge does not allow for good drainage
25
5 post Mortem chemical changes
``` Postmortem caloricity Postmortem stain Shift in ph Rigor Mortis Decomposition ```
26
Post Mortem stain
Blood discoloration brought on by hemolysis of the blood
27
Fermentation
The process by which glucose breaks down
28
Factors that would speed up decomposition | Factors that would slow down decomposition
Hot room vs a cold room
29
Normal PH of body
7.4
30
Discuss Agonal changes & how they change physical & chemical makeup of the body
``` Physical- algor Mortis, cooling Dehydration Hypostasis Chemical-post Mortem stain Change in PH Rigor ```
31
What factors can speed or slow down Livor Mortis?
Blood volume & blood viscosity
32
Discuss PH changes in dead human body after death.
When we die our PH drops to 5.5 or 6.0 Acidic--> rigor Mortis Increase in ammonia--> PH rises
33
6 stages of death
``` Agonal Somatic Clinical death Brain death Biological death Postmortem cellular death ```
34
8 signs of death
``` Cessation of circulation Cessation of respiration Complete muscular relaxation Algor Mortis: cooling Rigor Mortis: stiffening Changes in eye Decomp Post Mortem lividity ```
35
Agonal 4 period changes
1. Temperature * agonal fever. *agonal algor 2. Circular 3. Moisture 4. Translocation of micros
36
6 physical post Mortem changes
``` Algor Mortis Hypostasis Dehydration Livor Mortis Increase in blood viscosity Invasion of micros ```
37
5 chemical changes postmortem
``` Post Mortem Caloricity Change in PH Rigor Mortis Post Mortem stain Decomp ```
38
Cadaveric spasm
Violent death No period of flaccidity Death grip
39
5 Sign of decomp
Color, odor, skin slip, gases, purge
40
Intrinsic factors include?
Body temp @ time of death Ratio of surface area of body to body mass Combo of both
41
Extrinsic factors include?
Body coverings | Surrounding environment
42
Primary flaccidity
Muscles are relaxed as death occurs Before rigor
43
Secondary flaccidity
Within 36 to 72 hours rigor passes naturally from a un embalmed body Muscle proteins broken down
44
Autolysis
Cell self decomposition Cells have self destruct mechanisms When body goes from alkaline to acidic these cells rupture digest surrounding material
45
Hydrolysis
Single most important factor in initiation of decomp | Chemical reaction in which chemical bonds of a substance are split by taking in water
46
Expert test of death
Require training Stethoscope-heart Ophthalmoscope-eyes EEG-brain activity
47
In expert test of death
Equipment and expertise for figuring out death not readily available Ligature test-blood circulation Pulse Listening for heart beat
48
Arterial fluid also called?
Vascular fluid Preservative fluid Concentrated embalming fluid Arterial fluid has an index*
49
Arterial solution also called?
Embalming solution Primary dilution Mixture you inject in body Water, dye, etc
50
Cavity fluid
Concentrated Cavity embalming Surface & hypodermic embalming NOT arterially injected
51
Supplemental fluids | Also known as?
Co-injection fluid No preservative or disinfection qualities Example would be dye, water corrective
52
Accessory chemicals
Applied to body surfaces inside & out | Preservative
53
Formaldehyde + water =?
Formalize
54
Formalin components?
Water, methanol, & formaldehyde
55
Formalin % mass & % volume
37% weight | 40% volume
56
Safe work practice when working with chemicals
Wear eye protection Wear protective clothing Wear gloves Make sure ventilation systems are working Wear a mask Fill water in tank before adding chemicals
57
Strong Medium Weak Embalming fluid
26-36 16-25 5-15
58
Index
Refers to amount of formaldehyde gas present. Measured in grams dissolved in 100ml of water
59
Preservation fluids
Reacts with proteins. Loves proteins. Stops decomp Disadvantage--> embalmers grey
60
Glutaraldehyde
Doesn't firm tissue
61
Accessory chemicals examples
Autopsy gels Hardening compounds Powdered sealing agents
62
Use for autopsy gels
Applied as a disinfectant & odor reducer Used to bleach un-colored areas such as post Mortem stains Used to pack anal orifice
63
Hardening compounds
Blends of powdered chemicals They dry moist tissue. Some contain deodorants & disinfect Primary use is in the cavity of autopsied bodies
64
Preservative Powder main ingredient
Preserves tissue Paraformaldehyde
65
Four steps for embalming analysis
1. observation & eval 2. Proposed methods of treatment 3. Implementations 4. Observation of results
66
General embalming analysis factors & embalming treatments
Body condition, age Cause & manner of death Effect of disease Positioning of body Method of mouth & eye closure Vessels for drainage/injecting
67
3 guidelines to be considered in making an embalming analysis
1. The body must be seen at all stages 2. Prepare each body as if he/she is infected 3. Prepare each body as if viewing will be delayed
68
3 embalming analysis steps
1. Pre embalming analysis 2. During arterial injection 3. Evaluation of body after arterial embalming
69
Pre Embalming Analysis | Part I
1. General condition of body 2. Effects of diseases 3. Effects of drugs or surgeries 4. Post Mortem interval & effects
70
During arterial injection | Stage II
What areas of body are receiving arterial solution? What areas are not receiving? What can be done to better stimulate flow? Are the tissues firming?
71
Evaluation of the body after | Part III
Are the features set properly? Is the body well groomed? Are the body and hair washed & dried? Is there any leakage?
72
Post Embalming Monitoring
``` Dehydration? Purge? Odor? Softening tissues? Tissue gas? ```
73
Embalming treatment for decomp?
Restricted cervical injection Strong solutions Dye Surface treatments where needed
74
Embalming treatment for long time refrigeration?
Restricted cervical injection Stronger solution than average Avoid pre injection Circulation problems expected
75
Embalming treatment for emaciation
Restricted drainage Add humectants to last injection Mild solution in large volume
76
Embalming treatment for arteriosclerosis in femoral artery
Go to common carotid & use jugular | Solution a little stronger than normal
77
Preliminary preparation of the body
Spray topical disinfectant on clothes Transfer body to table Roll back & forth to remove sheet Check for valuables
78
Moving a body
Always try to use lifts | Always pull body towards you, don't push
79
7 mouth closure techniques
``` Needle injector Muscular suture Mandibular suture Dental tie Drill & wire Chin rest Gluing the lips ```
80
Mouth closure vs lip closure
Mouth closure raises & holds lower jaw into position | Lip closure brings together the mucous membranes
81
List several reasons for placing support beneath the shoulders
Helps dry the body Assist drainage Prevent gravitation of blood into facial tissues after embalming Assist in draining edema
82
Several uses for massage cream
To remove Cosmo To moisten face after shaving avoid dehydration Protects from surface dehydration Skin cleanser Protects face from damage in case of stomach purge
83
3 levels of body position
Head Chest Abdomen
84
How does upper mucous membrane differ from lower?
Upper is generally longer & thinner
85
Purpose of embalming fluid
Disinfect Preserve Restore
86
Function of arterial fluid
Firms tissue Kills bacteria Unite with proteins to preserve
87
Cosmetic fluid
Active dyes | Changes color of tissue
88
Non cosmetic fluids
No dyes | Do not change color of tissue
89
Formaldehyde advantage
Soluable in water Does not separate Deodorizes Breaks down quickly
90
Disadvantage of formaldehyde
Possible carcinogen Embalmers grey Unpleasent odor Distributes poorly
91
6 components of embalming fluid
``` 1 preservatives 2 disinfectants 3 modifying agent 4 vehicle 5 dye 6 perfume ```
92
Disinfectant also know as?
Germicidal Kills disease micros
93
Modifying agents
Enhance function of arterial fluids | Retain moisture
94
4 types of modifying agents
Humectants-add umphh Buffers-stabilize PH Anti coagulants-water softener Surfactants-lower tension on surface
95
Vehicle
Serves as a solvent | Formaldehyde dissolved in
96
Dye also known as?
Coloring agents
97
Surfactants also known as?
Surface active agents Wetting agents Surface tension reducer
98
Perfuming agents also known as?
Masking agents Adds pleasant odor to solution Disadvantage~~> masks harsh odor & you don't know it. Nasal passage irritated

Embalming (7 decks)

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