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Embalming > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

Ascites

A

Build up of fluids between abdominal wall and the organs

Presence of edema in abdomen

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1
Q

Crepitation

A

The crackling noise made by the body while pushing on gases

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2
Q

Subcutaneous emphysema

A

Puncture of lung, seen in CPR treatments

No odor, no skin slip, extreme gases rise to highest body areas

Gas will escape through incisions. Good arterial preservation.

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3
Q

True tissue gas

A

Anaerobic bacteria

Very strong odor, skin slip

Special tissue gas arterial solution, hypodermic injections of cavity

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4
Q

Gas gangrene

A

Anaerobic bacteria

Foul odor, infection

Strong arterial solution, local hypodermic injection of cavity chemical

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5
Q

Decomposition

A

Bacterial breakdown of body tissues

Odor, color changes, purging, skin slip

Strong chemical injection, hypo inject

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6
Q

Air From Embalming Apparatus

A

Air injected from embalming machine

First seen in eyelids, no odor

Channel after arterial injection to release gases

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7
Q

4 processes of embalming

A

Happen At The Same Time!!

  1. Injection
  2. Distribution
  3. Diffusion
  4. Drainage
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8
Q

Examples of work practice & engineering controls

A
  1. Properly operating air exchange system
  2. Prevent spillage of chemicals
  3. Cap all chemical bottles.
  4. Ensure embalming machine is in working order
  5. Keep lid on embalming machine
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9
Q

Where is the center of drainage?

A

Right atrium

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10
Q

Center of arterial solution distribution?

A

Arch of the aorta

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11
Q

5 injection techniques

A
  1. One point
  2. Split injection/drainage
  3. Multi point- 2 or more
  4. Restricted cervical
  5. Six point injection
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12
Q

Criteria for selection of an artery?

A
  1. Size
  2. Can you drain from accompanying vein?
  3. Depth of artery
  4. Effect on posing the body
  5. Proximity of the vessel to arch of aorta
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13
Q

Criteria for selection of vein for drainage?

A
  1. Size
  2. How close to right atrium?
  3. Depth
  4. How easy can it be brought to the surface?
  5. Discoloration of face
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14
Q

Short circuiting of arterial solution

A

Floods area around injection site and spills out as drainage. Can lead to over embalming near the injection site.

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15
Q

Fluids follow the path of least resistance

A

The skin area is the path of least resistance
Skin has greater amount of capillaries
Superficial areas embalm better than deeper tissues

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16
Q

Describe conditions that might require multi point injection

A
  1. Dead for a long time
  2. Decomp present
  3. Bodies with generalized edema
  4. When an area of the body doesn’t receive arterial solution
  5. Military reasons
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17
Q

Advantages to restricted cervical injection

A
  1. Amount of arterial solution in facial tissues can be controlled
  2. Large volumes can be pumped into trunk without over injecting the head/face
  3. Two solution strengths can be used. One for trunk, & face
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18
Q

Restricted cervical injection recommended when?

A

Bodies with facial trauma
Difficult to firm bodies
Normal unautopsied bodies
Jaundice bodies

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19
Q

Instant tissue fixation

A

Makes use of restricted cervical injection
Used for injection of the head
Only using a limited amount of a strong solution

Best used for:
Early decomp
Facial trauma
Facial tissues must be dried for restorative purposes

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20
Q

Drainage process

A

Brought about by displacement

Arterial solution fills vascular system & the contents (blood) are displaced

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21
Q

Contents of drainage

A

Blood
Blood clots
Embalming solution
Lymphatic fluid

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22
Q

Under what conditions does drainage not occur?

A

Traumatic death / blood loss
Bloodstream infections
Ruptured areas of the digestive tract
Accidental death, internal organs rupture

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23
Q

Under what conditions should drainage be expected?

A

Short PMI
Livor Mortis-blood can still be easily moved
Blood thinners
Body is jaundiced

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24
Purpose of drainage?
To make room for arterial solution Remove intravascular blood discolorations Remove bacteria in blood Remove an element that speeds decomp
25
Steps to take if vein for drainage tears
Clean area using absorbent material Force blood from vein if possible Clamp edge of broken wall of vein with hemostat
26
Direct heart drainage technique
The right atrium of the heart is drained using a trocar
27
Drainage instruments
Groove director Drainage tube Angular spring forceps
28
Advantage & disadvantage of drain tube
Advantage- tube keeps vein expanded, drainage can be turned off to create pressure, closed drainage technique Disadvantage- tube may mark the face, tube can easily be pushed through into body cavity
29
Advantage & disadvantage of angular spring forceps
Advantage- very large opening, do not mark face, head can be positioned to the right Disadvantage- drainage may splatter, contact with drainage increased.
30
3 methods of drainage
Alternate - arterial solution is never injected while drainage is happening Concurrent - injection & drainage occur at same time Intermittent- stop and start again
31
Advantage of intermittent drainage
Builds pressure, less time consuming | Helps prevent short circuiting
32
Advantage of alternate drainage?
More complete distribution & more complete drainage results Fluid diffusion enhanced Disadvantage- takes more time & care
33
Advantage of concurrent?
Time saving Clots may not be dislodged May dehydrate tissues
34
How to improve drainage pre embalming
Selection of large vein Selection of large drainage instrument Pre injection fluid
35
How to improve drainage during embalming?
Massage & pressure Selection of another drainage site if necessary Increase in rate of solution injection
36
Closed drainage system | Advantage
Tubing attached to drain tube, put directly into the sewer Allows drainage to be easily collected Less exposure to embalmer of blood borne pathogens
37
Vascular embalming four divisions & explain
Delivery of arterial solution from embalming machine to artery Distribution of arterial solution from point of injection into capillaries Diffusion movement of solution through capillaries to tissues Drainage discharge of fluid from body
38
Arterial embalming
Temporary preservation, sanitation, and restoration
39
Intravascular resistances
Within blood vessels Results from the narrowing of a lumen Lower extremities Strokes
40
Techniques used for intravascular problems?
Sufficient pressure and rate of flow Use largest artery possible Use arterial tube of proper size to avoid damage
41
Extra vascular resistances
Pressure placed on outside of blood vessel Embalmer can better remove thus Caused by bandages, rigor, gas in cavities, inflammation
42
Why is resistance necessary?
If there were no resistance, then embalming solution would pass directly through the capillaries & into drainage Drainage would not be possible
43
3 indicators that the embalming solution is being distributed?
1. Decrease in solution in tank 2. Rate of flow valve opened & drop on pressure gauge 3. Drainage present
44
Actual pressure
Pressure indicated by injector gauge needle when arterial tube is open and flowing into body
45
Potential pressure
Pressure indicated by injector gauge needle when injector motor is running & arterial tubing is clamped off.
46
Differential pressure
Differences between potential & actual pressures
47
Ideal pressure
Pressure needed to overcome resistance of body to distribute embalming solution to all body areas
48
Ideal rate of flow
Rate of flow needed to achieve uniform distribution
49
Signs of arterial solution distribution
Fluid dye Distention of blood vessels Blood drainage Clearing of intravascular blood discolorations
50
Signs of arterial solution diffusion
Dye in the tissues Firming of tissues Drying of tissues Rounding of finger tips
51
How to improve arterial solution distribution
1. Increase rate of flow of arterial solution 2. Increase pressure of arterial solution 3. Inject arterial solution using pulsation. 4. Massage the body
52
If you are in doubt of whether an area of the body has received proper arterial solution, what do you do?
Raise the artery that supplies the area and separately inject.
53
Diffusion
Fluid diffusion from capillaries to tissues
54
Active transport
Nutrients pass into the cell | Does not function in dead human body
55
Passage of embalming solution into body cells is brought about by?
Adsorption, osmosis, dialysis
56
What is the oldest method of embalming?
Removal of the viscera & the brain
57
Why do we cavity embalm?
To treat the organs that are not be reached by arterial injection
58
What is the order of cavity embalming?
1. Arterial embalming 2. Aspiration of cavities 3. Injection of cavity chemicals into the body cavities 4. Closure of trocar point of entry 5. Cleaning & washing of body 6. Possible reaspiration
59
Cavity embalming treats?
1. Contents of hollow visera 2. Walls of organs not embalmed 3. Contents of spaces between organs & walls
60
Contents of the hollow viscera that must be treated
Lungs, trachea Gallbladder Stomach. Kidney, heart Small intestine Inferior vena cava Large intestine Bladder
61
Types of purge
Stomach - nose & mouth - coffee grounds liquids Lungs - nose & mouth - frothy red Brain - nose & ear & eyelid - gases, fractures
62
Equipment used for cavity embalming
Hydroaspirator Trocar Gravity injector
63
Instrument used for cavity embalming in the past rarely used today?
Hand pump
64
What is the nine regional method?
Nine abdominal regions
65
Four abdominal divisions
Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant Right lower quadrant Left lower quadrant
66
Trocar guides
Heart Stomach Urinary bladder Cecum
67
Antemortem subcutaneous emphysema
A condition where there is a noticeable amount of gas in the tissues prior to embalming.
68
Advantage of cavity embalming immediately versus a delay
Decreases possibility of leakage Removal of blood - no blood discolorations Removal of microbes Versus- maximum time for arterial solution to penetrate Walls easier to pierce
69
Cranial aspiration
Point of injection through nostril | Pushed through plate of ethmoid bone
70
Prior aspiration before embalming? Why?
To relieve gases in abdomen
71
How to close opening made by trocar?
Trocar button | Two sutures... Purse string... Reverse stitch
72
Reaspiration why & when?
Gas present in abdomen prior to dressing Decomp is present Purge is present Death from drowning

Embalming (7 decks)

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