Flashcards in test 2 Deck (30)
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1
Colonies in New England
massachusetts
new hampshire
connecticut
rhode island
2
colonies in the middle
new york
new jersey
pennsylvania
deleware
3
colonies in the southern
georgia
maryland
virginia
NC
SC
4
Qualities of New England colonies
fishing, lumbering, fur trading, and metal working to nourish their economy (sold to other colonies and england)
participated in the selling of slaves to the southern colonies
soil was too thin and rocky and the climate too harsh for the colonists to grow cash crops
the first colonists here were Separatist Puritans (pilgrims)
the religious freedom they sought wasn't readily granted to others outside their Puritan faith
Education was available to more of the colonists in this region, as people lived closer together and schoolhouses could be built
out of lack of religious toleration, Salem witch trials happened here
religious dissenters established colonies here (Thomas Hooker, Roger Williams, and Anne Hutchinson)
wanted to gain religious freedom
grew their own food
most luxury goods could be bought from england
5
Qualities of Middle colonies
better relationships with native americans
most ethically diverse
Quakers seeking religious freedom settled in pennsylvania
abundance of rivers allowed for transportation between colonies
land was more fertile
grew corn, wheat, and fruit
nicknamed the "Bread Basket"
first colonists were Dutch and settled at the mouth of the Hudson river
mills to grind grains developed and supported local economies
when the english took New Ansterdam from the dutch, they called it NY
they farmed to make money
6
qualities of southern colonies
first colonists were english and settled in jamestown in VA 1607
in 1619 the house of burgesses was formed (1st ex. of representative gov)
john rolfe discovered that tobacco grew well in the regions climate
a small # of ppl owned large amounts of land
children of wealthy plantation owners had private tutors to educate them. very few public schoolhouses
tobacco and rice became the major cash crops and were grown on large plantations
indentured servants were 1st used. as their # dwindled, slaves were used
the maryland toleration act is evidence of religion toleration in this region
goal was to find gold in order to get wealth fast (goal not obtained)
religion and religious freedom were not large concerns for most southern colonists
7
thomas hobbes
strong central gov/ruler
people- selfish and always placed their own private interests before common public interests
negative view of human nature (before ppl formed a society, preexisting principles arose-natural laws)
wrote Leviathan in 1651
social contract
8
john locke
wrote Two Treatises of civil government in 1690
limited gov/no absolute power
people- fair and unselfish and should have a great individual freedom to act
social contract
natural rights and popular sovereignty
positive view of human nature(able to act for common good)
9
baron de montesquieu
neutral view of human nature
seperation of power/3 branches
wrote The Spirit of laws in 1748
how to prevent a government or leaders from abusing power
each branch had a different responsibility
10
enlightenment
great changes in worldviews
11
Enlightenment thinkers ?
idea that a kings sovereignty came from God
12
b4 enlightenment ppl thought... could explain everything
god or religion
13
divine right of kings
god choose a monarch to give it authority to rule
14
locke believed ppl could...if gov broke social contract
overthrow gov or war
15
mercantilism
economic system that allowed the militarily and economically powerful nations of europe to accumulate wealth from colonies
mother country gets wealth
16
cash crops
crops grown mainly to be sold for profit
tobacco, indigo, and rice
17
indentured servants
slaves that agreed to work for a landowner for 4-7 years in exchange for passage to America, food, and housing
18
separation of church and state
different forms of worship
19
jamestown
founded in 1607 and was the 1st successful english colony
20
pilgrims
aboard the mayflower and landed in massachusetts in 1620
21
puritans
ppl who were persecuted for their faith by the church of england
22
plantation system
a large farm that needs a cheap labor supply to harvest crops (slaves)
23
quakers
settled in pennslyvania in 1682
24
catholics
religious group that found maryland as a haven
25
religious dissentors
people who didn't agree with the church of england
26
bacon's rebellion
bacon and his men burned jamestown
rebellion in virginia
-colonists ask for protection from virgnia gov and denied (didn't want to pay for war)
-wealthy settlers fled
27
town meetings
earliest forms of democracy in colonies
28
salem witch trials
massachusetts
19 women were hung bc ppl thought they were a witch
29
first great awakening
religious phenomenon, religious leaders preached that americans needed a spirititual and moral rebirth
30