test 2

Question 1

what is the problem of Parmenides

Answer 1

1) either something exists or it does not, everything is either being or nonbeing
2) it is impossible for anything to be non-being
3) everything is being

Conclusion: nothing is different and there is no change

Question 2

how does naming help solve Parmenides problem

Answer 2

we mean existence in multiple ways, we use it analogically whereas Parmenides uses it univocally

Question 3

thomas aquinas commentary on logic

Answer 3

humans are different than animals because we reason, we have art where animals do things by nature, art is humans attaining their purpose through appropriate means, logic is the art of reasoning and all are other arts are dependent on it

Question 4

is all logic achieved through reasoning?

Answer 4

no because not everything you accept as true, is something that you reason to, some things are principles

Question 5

what is the principle of non contradiction

Answer 5

a thing cannot both be and not be at the same time and in the same respect, helps us divide the kinds of propositions

Question 6

what is the difference between a valid argument and a sound argument

Answer 6

a valid argument is one which the truth of the premises guarantees the truth go the conclusions, a sound argument is one that has true premises and is valid

Question 7

6 rules of validity

Answer 7

1) can only have three terms
2) middle term not in conclusion
3) a term distributed in the conclusion must be distributed in one of the premises
4) middle term distributed at least once
5) nothing follows from two negative or particular premises
6) if a premise is particular or negative the conclusion must be particular or negative