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Child Psychology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

After age 1 when hair thins and face swells with fluid

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2
Q

Marasmus

A

During first year when the tissues waste away

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3
Q

Sense of touch at birth

A

are acute and soothed when stroked

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4
Q

Hearing at birth

A

acute at birth and heartbeat is soothing

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5
Q

Vision at birth

A

legally blind, can focus between 4-30 inches

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6
Q

Sense of smell at birth

A

adaptation, comfort with caregiver’s smell

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7
Q

Self-righting

A

inborn drive to fix something wrong

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8
Q

Percentiles and what the number indicates

A

ranking of 0-100

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9
Q

Shaken baby syndrome

A

ruptures blood vessels and breaks connections

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10
Q

Pruning

A

unused connections die

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11
Q

Gross motor skills

A

Large body movements

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12
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Small body movements

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13
Q

Visual cliff and what changes over time

A

depth perception, won’t climb over from previous experience

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14
Q

Breast milk

A

rich in nutrients and antibodies

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15
Q

Colostrum

A

thick, high-calorie liquid from breasts for 3 days after birth

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16
Q

Transient exuberance

A

expansive brain growth in first 2 years

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17
Q

Dendrite growth in 0-2 year olds

A

increases greatly

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18
Q

How to place children to sleep

A

sleep on their backs

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19
Q

Brain weight at birth compared to adult brain weight

A

At birth, brain is 25% of adult weight

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20
Q

Impact of cortisol levels

A

Stress level, higher levels= more sadness

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21
Q

Co-sleeping

A

parents and infants sleep in the same room

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22
Q

Factors leading to ability to walk

A

muscle strength, brain maturation, practice

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23
Q

Weight changes in the first 2 years of life

A

1/2 of adult weight, 4x heavier than at birth

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24
Q

Height changes in the first 2 years of life

A

1/2 of adult height

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25
Immunizations
primes body's immune system to resist a disease
26
Head-sparing
when malnourished, body growth slows, but not the brain
27
Binocular vision
focus both eyes to see one image
28
Goals of sensorimotor stage 1
reflexes (sucking, grasping)
29
Goals of sensorimotor stage 2
first acquired accommodations (such nipple vs bottle)
30
Goals of sensorimotor stage 3
make interesting things last (claps hands when say "patty cake")
31
Goals of sensorimotor stage 4
make purposeful responses to people to create interesting things (put moms hands together to play "patty cake")
32
Word development at 13-18 months
slow growth of 50 words
33
Long-term memory
middle of 2nd year, can recreate complex sequences
34
Habituation
get used to repeated stimulus
35
New research concerning Piaget's theory
object permanence can start at 4.5 months (vs 8)
36
Grammar development
noticeable at 21 months with 2 word sentences
37
Sensation
ability to detect a stimulus
38
Cognition
thinking about what was perceived (can imagine, fantasize, hypothesize)
39
Perception
understanding a stimulus
40
Affordances
Opportunity to interact via their environment
41
Holophrase
single word that expresses a single thought
42
Babbling
"mamamama" between 6-9 months
43
Object permanence
knowing that objects exist when not seen
44
The A-not-B error
look for object under 1st blanket (wrong)
45
When does social learning occur
throughout life
46
Child-directed speech
motherese
47
Order of language development
``` reflexes noises babbling 1st words naming explosion 2 word sentence ```
48
Mary Ainsworth
described mom-infant relationships in Africa 60 years ago. Made patterns of infant attachment (type A,B,C,and D)
49
Strange situation
measures attachment by looking at infants reactions to mom/stranger coming-going in
50
Attachment
"an affectional tie" binds and endures over time
51
Secure attachment type
(Type B) infant feels comfortable/confident
52
Insecure-resistant/ambivalent
(Type C) cling to mom/angry when she left
53
Insecure-avoidant
(Type A) avoids connection with mom
54
Disorganized
(Type D) inconsistent reactions
55
Proximal parenting
being physically close to baby
56
Distal parenting
distant from baby (toys, food, face-to-face)
57
Proximity-seeking behaviors
more obedient, less likely to recognize themselves
58
Freud and how "fixation" works
If not developed, later can become fixated
59
Oral stage and time-period in which it occurs
0-1 years, pleasure with mouth
60
Anal stage and the time-period in which it occurs
1-3 years, pleasure with pooping
61
When will certain emotions emerge
``` newborn- :) xo 3-4 months- :o? XD 4-8 months- >:0 6-18 months- 0o0 18+ months- ^-^ v_v ```
62
Causes of infant anger
frustration, prevented from grabbing (elevated cortisol)
63
The importance of social awareness in emotional development
family interactions that bring pride, shame, jealousy, disgust, and guilt
64
Social smile
6 weeks
65
Stranger anxiety/wariness
fear of unfamiliar people
66
When stranger anxiety/wariness emerges
9-14 months
67
Synchrony
mutual exchange with split-second timing
68
Self-awareness and when it develops
"I am a separate person with my own body and emotions" (Age 1)
69
Separation anxiety
distress when mom leaves (9-14 months)
70
Temperament
Inborn differences with emotion, activity, measured by typical responses to environment
71
Easy temperament
(40% of children) laughter
72
Difficult temperament
(10% of children) cry
73
Slow-to-warm-up temperament
(15% of children) quiet
74
Hard-to-classify temperament
(35% of children) combo of above
75
Social referencing
looking at how to react to an unfamiliar environment by looking at someone else's reaction
76
High quality day-care characteristics
1) attention to each infant 2) language 3) safety 4) professional caregivers 5) warm and responsive
77
Trust vs mistrust
Erik Erikson, "can the world be trusted to satisfy basic needs?"
78
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
succeed or fail in gaining self-rule over their actions/bodies

Child Psychology (9 decks)

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