test 2 Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
The study of communication systems that do not involve words.
A
Nonverbal Communication
2
Q
May be unintentional, consists of multiple codes, it is immediate, continuous and natural, and it is both universal and cultural.
A
Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
3
Q
Helps us keep track of how the interaction is going.
A
Relational Information
4
Q
Type of relational information that is indicated through facial expression, eye contact, proximity and the like.
A
Liking
5
Q
Type of relational information that is converted through posture and gesture, touch and proximity.
A
Status
6
Q
Type of relational information which indicates the degree to which we are psychologically involved in an interaction.
A
Responsiveness
7
Q
Type of relational information which indicates the degree to which we are psychologically involved in an interaction.
A
Repeating
8
Q
The nonverbal message contradicts the verbal message.
A
Contradicting
9
Q
The nonverbal message replaces the verbal message.
A
Substituting
10
Q
The nonverbal message elaborates or strengthens the verbal message; often unintentional.
A
Complementing
11
Q
Emphasizing parts of the verbal message.
A
Accenting
12
Q
Controlling the flow of verbal interaction (head nods).
A
Regulating
13
Q
Knowing the meaning of and abiding by nonverbals are aspects of important interpersonal skills.
A
Interaction management
14
Q
Body movement and gestures
A
The Kinesic Code
15
Q
The study of body movement
A
kinesics
16
Q
direct translations known to everyone in the group; “silent words”. Included in kinetic code
A
Emblems
17
Q
Nonverbals that describe an object; talking with your hands. Included in Kinesic Code I.
A
Illustrators
18
Q
Nonverbals that act as “traffic signals” during interaction. They can regulate turn taking in conversation. Included in Kinesic Code I.
A
Regulators
19
Q
Nonverbals that convey an emotional state. Included in Kinesic Code I.
A
Affect Displays
20
Q
When people touch their own bodies (hair twirling).
A
Self adaptors
21
Q
People who adapt using an object
A
Object adaptors
22
Q
Facial expression and eye behavior
A
The kinetic code II
23
Q
facial expressions that are innate to humans
A
facial displays
24
Q
People in some cultures learn to be more stone-faced and stoic while in other cultures people learn to be very expressive.
A
Cultural Displays
25
People learn to follow display rules at work
Professional Displays
26
Display rules that are learned through personal experience
personal displays
27
Emblems, illustrators, regulators, affect displays, and adaptors.
Nonverbal Codes of Kinesic Code I
28
Facial displays and eye behaviors.
Nonverbal Codes of Kinesic Code II
29
This behavior serves to maintain a social position, it an indicator of positive and negative emotions, it is a signal willingness to relate to one another, and it is associated with specific character traits.
Eye behavior
30
The study of sounds that accommodate words.
paralinguistics
31
Characteristics of the voice such as tone and pitch.
vocal qualities
32
Special sounds that convey a meaning such as groans, yawns and sighs.
Vocalizations
33
Vocal fillers such as "uhm" and "uh".
Vocal Segregates
34
Judgements of social status can be perceived by the way we speak.
Prestige Speech
35
The use of space in nonverbal interactions. Boundaries, territoriality, spatial arrangement, personal space, touch.
Proxemics
36
Space that is shared with others (shopping malls).
Public territory
37
Space that is owned and controlled by individuals (homes).
Home territory
38
Space that is defined by group interaction. Socially marked territories, such as a group of people at a party.
Interaction territory
39
The most private territory. Our rights to touch and view another person.
Body territory
40
A territory that is polluted or made unacceptable. Ex: Someone spills a drink in an area, you won't sit there.
Contamination
41
Unwarranted entry or use of space (intentional).
violation
42
Most serious; when someone who is not authorized to use a space takes control of it.
Invasion
43
Preference of how close we prefer to be to other people. Acts as a kind of portable territory that we carry with us everywhere.
personal space
44
People whose occupations cause them to violate the personal space of others (such as servers, hairdressers, or massagers).
Nonpersons
45
The study of touch. It is culturally determined; who we may touch, how we may touch, for how long we may touch, when we may touch, and why we may touch.
Haptics
46
Comfort-protection, modesty, and cultural display.
Functions of Clothing
47
All intentional and unintentional displays of material things, such as implements, machines, art objects, architectural structures and the human body, including whatever clothes cover it.
Object language
48
two people talking to each other
Interpersonal Communication
49
Another term for interpersonal communication.
Dyadic Communication
50
It is direct, personal, immediate, spontaneous and informal.
Characteristics of Interpersonal Communication
51
Idea that something special must occur to turn an ordinary, impersonal, dyadic conversation into interpersonal communication.
Developmental Approach
52
General rules that apply to all of the members of a particular culture. When we meet strangers, we follow rules that tell us to use polite, fairly formal forms of address.
Cultural Level Rules
53
When we interact with people who belong to specific groups within our culture. Usually less formal modes of address (college students greeting one another).
Sociological Level Rules
54
When we interact with people we know quite well. We are free to break everyday rules, we make up the rules ourselves.
Psychological Level Rules
55
The appraisals of others act as a kind of mirror, reflecting back to us.
Looking glass self
56
Finding a balance between the need to share personal information and the need to maintain privacy.
Expressive Protective Dialect
57
Friends and couples decide how interdependent they want to be.
Autonomy Togetherness Dialect
58
Behaviors become predictable and the couple spends much of their time repeating old routines.
Novelty Predictability Dialectic
59
The conception of self that each person displays in particular interactions with others. It is the person we are when we are with other people.
Face
60
Threatened when someone criticizes or disagrees with us.
Positive face
61
Threatened when someone imposes on our autonomy. Hazing, for example, if you don't drink this handle in 15 minutes you are not good enough for our group.
Negative face
62
Rejecting messages that leave recipients with a diminished sense of self respect.
Disconfirmations
63
Ignoring when someone is talking.
Impervious response
64
Disconfirmation that makes people believe that they are not worth listening to.
Interrupting Response
65
Disconfirmation when someone busts into a group and changes the subject to something that has no bearing on what was being said before.
Irrelevant Response
66
Disconfirmation when someone makes a brief comment about the subject, but then changes the subject to themselves or their own interests.
Tangential Response
67
Disconfirmation when a person uses distant or formal language to signal that they are uncomfortable with you.
Impersonal Response
68
Disconfirmation when someone seems embarrassed and becomes tongue-tied or is at a loss for words.
Incoherent Response
69
Disconfirmation when the verbal and nonverbal cues do not match.
Incongruous Response
70
The dominant role.
One-Up role
71
The submissive role
One-down role
72
In a relationship, one person takes the one-up role and the other takes the one-down role.
Complementary pattern
73
Both members fight for the one-up position.
Symmetrical Competitive
74
Both members fight for the one-down position.
Symmetrical Submissive
75
Sending contradictory messages.
Paradoxes
76
One partner's behavior intensifies the other's.
Spiral
77
Partners' behaviors lead to a positive outcome.
Progressive Spirals
78
Partners' behaviors lead to a negative outcome.
Regressive spirals
79
Stages of coming together.
Initiating > Experimenting > Intensifying > Integrating > Bonding
80
Stages of coming apart.
Differentiating > Circumscribing > Stagnating > Avoiding > Terminating
81
Behaviors people use to keep their relationships at a desired level. Positivity, openness, assurance, networks, task sharing, conflict management, and advice.
Relational Maintenance Strategies
82
Revealing ourselves to others.
Effective Self Disclosure
83
Should be gradual, should be reciprocal, is not appropriate for all relationships, consider the effect your disclosures will have on others, choose the right time and place for your disclosures, should be related to what is happening "here and now".
Rules for Disclosing
84
Advising and evaluating response, analyzing and interpreting response, reassuring and supporting response, questioning and proving response, and paraphrasing and understanding response.
Disclosure Response Categories
85
Occurs when two people have incompatible goals.
conflict
86
Withdrawing, forcing, accommodating, compromising, and problem solving.
Conflict styles
87
Information that helps an individual control and adjust their behavior.
Feedback
88
Distribution of power within a relationship.
Rigid role relations
89
A collection of individuals who, as a result of interacting with each other over time, become interdependent, developing shared patterns of behavior and a collective identity.
group
90
Groups are constructed through communication. As members interact with one another regularly, interaction networks develop, and repeated use of communication channels link group members.
Interaction
91
Separate individuals have become a functioning whole. In a true group, any action by one affects all. Many behaviors become interconnected. Share common goals.
Interdependence
92
Groups develop unique ways of doing things. members know to follow the kinds of behaviors that are appropriate within the group.
Shared Behavioral Standards
93
Members perceive themselves as a part of a whole. The stronger and more cohesive their membership is, the more collective it is.
Collective Identity
94
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ALL nonverbal communication?
its universal
95
Michael calls Caroline and asks her out on a date. Caroline says yes, but the tone of her voice suggests she doesn't want to. This is an example of what kind of nonverbal behavior?
contradicting
96
Students often engage in nonverbal behaviors called ________________ that communicate their stress and anxiety while taking exams.
self adaptors
97
Showing up at the doctor's office 15 minutes early, but showing up to the party 30 minutes late is an example of:
chronemics
98
When the boss gets to the most important part of her instructions, her voice gets stronger and she stares directly at her employees. This is an example of
accenting
99
The idea that groups are often more effective than the best individuals within them is called
group synergy
100
When studying how groups choose leaders, the situational approach states that
different leadership styles work in different contexts
101
According to Tuckman's theory of "mapping the life of a group," the phase in which individual members focus on getting to know one another and deciding how to fit in with the group is called
forming
102
Daniel joined a group that tries to increase donations to the local food bank. Lately, however, the group has been more focused on talking about the problem instead of actually increasing donations, so Daniel quit working with the group. Daniel's behavior is an example of
a role transition in group membership
103
The "strawberry v. vanilla ice cream" research study was used in class as an example of
groupthink
