Test 2 Flashcards
(173 cards)
1
Q
Hypothermia
A
decreased body temp cold illness Combination or cold windy and damp conditions
2
Q
Hyperthermia
A
Increased body temp
3
Q
Hypothermia danger zone
A
Core temp between77-85 degrees equal death
4
Q
Hyperthermia danger zone
A
Core body temp above 104 equal death
5
Q
Hydration. In cold
A
Replace fluids as much as if working out in the heat
6
Q
Dehydration
A
reduces blood volume equals less fluid to warm tissue
7
Q
Signs of frostnip
A
Involves ears nose cheeks fingers and toes
Skin appears firm with cold painless areas
8
Q
Symptoms of frost nip
A
May peel or blister within 24-72 hours
9
Q
How to treat frostnip
A
Treat with firm pressure no rubbing blowing hot air on the spot
10
Q
Signs of superfical frostbite symptoms
A
Superficial skin and subcutaneous tissue
Pale hard cold and waxy With rewarming skin will feel numb then sting then burn may produce painful blisters
11
Q
Deep frostbite
A
Serious injury frozen tissue
Medical emergency immediate hospitalization
Rapid rewarming required hot drinks hot pads and blankets
With rewarming skin looks blotchy red swollen and very painful
Can become gangrenous if not treated
12
Q
Preventing heat illness
A
Use common sense and caution Fluid replacement Unrestricted replacement Replace fluids every 15 min Fluid replacement equal sweat loss Clear urine Acclimatization Minimum of 10-14 days ID susceptible individuals
13
Q
Flash to bang theory
A
Estimation of how far lightning is
Time lighting is sighted count number of seconds until bang is heard divide by 5 miles away the storm is
30 count 6 miles away inherent danger monitor conditions 15 count 3 miles leave field immediatly seek shelter
30 min should pass from last strikebefore returning
14
Q
Conduction
A
direct contact with cooler object ex ice towel
15
Q
Convection
A
Contact witht cooler air or water mass ex wind
16
Q
Radiation
A
Heat generated from metabolism of object
17
Q
Evaporation
A
Sweat evaporation from skin surface
18
Q
Heat stress
A
Evaporation impaired when humidity reaches 65 percent and stops at 75
19
Q
Prevention of hypothermia
A
Proper apparel thin layers that can easily be removed or added
Warm up suits wornduring breaks
20
Q
Acute injury is
A
traumatic sudden and onset
21
Q
chronic injury is
A
overuse gradual
22
Q
Sprain
A
injury to ligament connective tissue behind bones
23
Q
sprain occurs when
A
joint is forced beyond normal limits or planes of movement
24
Q
fractures occur as
A
a result of stresses and strains placed on bones
25
signs and symptoms of fractures
deformity tenderness swelling pain on movement crepitus
26
open fracture
open displacement of bone end through tissue skin increases infection
27
closed fracture
little or no movement of broken bone
28
greenstick
incomplete break in bones that havent completely formed common in children
29
transverse
straight line at right angle to bone direct outside blow to body bending force
30
spiral
twisting force foot planted and body is suddenly rotated s shaped
31
comminuted
3 or more fragements of bones hard blow or fall in akward position requries surgery
32
linear
bone splits along length jumping and landing from height
33
oblique
axial compression bending and torsion forces on one end while the other end is stabalized
34
stress fracture
overuse injury weight bearing mostly in foot and leg pain usually a dule ache and worsens doesnt show up on xray til healing
35
dislocation
1 bone in joint is forced out of its normal and proper alignment must be manually surgically reduced put back in place shoulder elbow fingers
36
sublixations
comes partially out of alignments then goes back on its own
37
1st time dislocation treated as
possible fracture
38
myositis ossificans
repeated bruises or truama to same area calcium deposits form impair movement most often in bicep and quads
39
muscle cramps
painful involuntary muscle contraction occurs most often in calf ab and hammies
40
acute onset soreness
accompanies fatigue occurs during and immediatly after exercise
41
doms
delayed onset muscle soreness appaear about 12 hours later becomes most intense 24-48 hours later symtom free withing 3-4 days ice and stretching
42
nerve injuries
involve compression or tension
43
contusion briuse
blow from some external object causes soft tissue to be compressed against bone capillaries return causeing bleeding into tissue
44
3 grades of severity sprain and strains
mild moderate severe pain swelling instability stiffness rom
45
mild
normally return to play
46
moderate
divot felt
47
severe
total tearing initial pain followed by no pain
48
hypoesthesia
diminished sense of feeling
49
hyperesthesia
increased sense of feeling
50
paresthesia
numbness prickling tingling
51
neuritis
chronic nerve problem repeated forces
52
chronic tendinitis
inflammation of tendon pain on movement swelling crepitus warmth
53
treatment of tendinitis
rest alternative activites
54
tenosynovitis
inflammation of tendon and synovial sheath surrounding it
55
bursitis
inflammation of bursa small fluid filled sac acts as lubricant pain in the area restricted movement
56
bursitis areas
subcromial prepatellar top of knee cap and olecranon tip of elbow most often affected
57
strain is
tendon injury
58
sprain is
ligament
59
dbt and wbt
measured using a psychometer
60
weight before and after
loss of 3-5 percent of body weight equalts health threat
61
what is a microorganism
present in human blood and bodily fluid
62
what is a bloodborne pathogen
microorganism that causes disease
63
blood borne pathogens
hepatitis b c hiv
64
higher chance of spreading
hepatits b and c
65
hepatitis b spread
through sharp objects open wounds body fluids
66
signs and symptoms hepatitis b
swelling soreness loss of normal liver function sign flu like symptoms fatigue weakness nausea headaches fever jaundice
67
hbv
can go undetected
68
prevention of hbv
personal hygiene avoid high risk activites vaccine
69
which virus has a vaccine
hepatitis b
70
hepatitis c
most common bloodborne pathogen spread by contact with blood of infected person
71
signs and symptoms of hcv
jaundice dark urine abdominal pain loss of appetite nausea fatigue muscle or joint pain
72
hcv prevention
follow routine barrier precautions safely handle needles and soft objects
73
hiv
family of viruses that invade normal healthy cells destorys immune system
74
hiv transmitted by
exposure to infected persons blood or bodily fluids
75
signs and symptoms of hiv
fatigue weight loss muscle or joint pain painful or swollen glands night sweats fever
76
hiv gives you a high chance
of developing aids
77
prevention
understand consequences of certain behaviors make educated safe choices management
78
americans with disabilitys act
athlete with hiv cant be discriminated against
79
Heat syncope
Heat collapse
Rapid physical fatigue during exposure to heat
Pooling of blood in extremities dizziness fainting nausea
Treatment
Laying athlete down in cool environment
Replacing fluids
80
Heat cramps
Excessive loss of water and electrolytes
Overexertion in the heat
Treatment replace fluids wnd mild stretchign with ice massage
81
Heat exhaustion
Inadequate replacement of fluids and nutrition lost through sweating
Poor conditioned athletes not used to heat
Signs and symptoms
Collapses profuse sweating pale skin elevated core body temp 102
Dizziness hyperventilation rapid pulse decrease in function
Treatment
Hydrate cool enivonment ice towels iv replacement lf fluids
82
Heat stroke
Medical emergency most sever
Breakdown of thermoregulatory mechanisms body cant dissipate jeat through sweating
Signs and symptoms
Sudden collapse loss of consciouness flushed hot dry skin less sweating shallow breathing rapid strongmpulse core temp 104 or higher
Treatment lower temp to normal ranges within 45 minutes reduces chances of death transport to hospital
Cool environment remove clothing immerse athlete in ice water ice bags ice towels sponges in armpits groin and neck
83
Hyponatremia
Fluid intake exceeds fluid loss
Abnormally low sodium levels
Signs and symptoms
Progressivly eorsening headache nausea vomiting swelling of hands and feet lethargy apathy agitation
Treatments
Delay rehydration transport to hospital iv solutions of sodium
Low sodium csn compromise cns and become life threatening
84
Osha guidelines
All open skin wounds must be covered prior to practice or game
Athlete with active bleeding must be removed from participation
Uniforms must be cleans and or changed before returning to play
Personal protective equipment
Disposable gloves gowns aprons
Masks sheilds eye protection
Wash hands and skin surfaces that came in contact with blood
Immediately with soap andwater or antigermicide
Proper receptacles with biohazard warning labels
Designated container for sharps disposal
Leak proof puncture resistant
85
How to disinfect a counter
Designated container for sharps disposal
Leak proof puncture resistant
Disinfectants bleach antiseptics
Contaminated surfaces cleaned with 1 partbleach to 10 parts water or with approved disinfectant
86
How to clean laundry
Towels and clothing should be seperated from other laundry
Hot water with detergent that deactivates virus
Gloves should be worn while handling laundry
Caring for skin wounds
87
Abrasion
skin scraped against rough surface exposes capillaries
88
lacerations
sharp or pointed object tears the tissue jagged edges
89
incisions
blow has been delivered over sharp bone smooth edges
90
puncture wounds
direct penetration by pointed object hospital immediatly
91
avulsion
wounds skin is torn away from body associated with major bleeding
92
consider wounds to be
contaminated
93
wounds must be
cleaned medicated and dressed
94
wounds cleaned with
soap and water or sterile saline solution to clean initially
95
clean from
inside to outside
96
after cleaned
sterile dressing with topical antibiotic should be used
97
signs of wound infection
pain heat redness swelling disordered function pus accumulation fever
98
tetanus
bacterial infection causes fever and convulsions tetnus booster every 10 years
99
responsible for design and implementation of rehab program
athletic trainer or physical therapist
100
long term goal
return injured athlete to practice competition as quickly and as safely as possible
101
two main goals of rehab program
prevent deconditioning rehab the injured area
102
atcisit
avoid aggravation timeing compliance individualization specific sequencing intensity total patient
103
avoid aggravation
know how body responds to injury know which exercise to use
104
timeing
longer it takes to begin the longer it takes to recover follow protocol of physican
105
compliance
inform patient of what is to be expected of them set up a regular schedule hold them accountable
106
individualization
each person responds differently psychological and physical differences set goals make it fun
107
specific sequencing
determined by bodies specific physiological response to healing follow protocol control swelling pain from strength
108
intensity
must be challenging while not aggravating be creative very exercises
109
total patient
maintain rom and strength in uninvolved areas maintain cv fitness and endurance maintain balance
110
provide
immediate 1st aid to manage swelling most critical part
111
price principle
pressure rest ice compression elevation
112
priority rehab plan
restore muscle strength endurance and power
113
must have full rom
without pain before beginning
114
increase
endurance first restablish neauromuscular control
115
maintain
cv fitness
116
appropriate functional
progression gradually progresive activites designed to prepare athletes for return to sport
117
must be cleared by
team physician
118
any question between heat nad ice use
ice
119
cryotherapy
combination of cold and exercise
120
first 72 hours
minimize pain and swelling
121
thermotherapy
combination of heat and exercise increase blood flow use when there is little chance of swelling discoloration is fading
122
manual therapy
stretching massaging gliding compression stretching percussion vibrating traction
123
electric therapy
ultrasound
124
did anyone buy dons alcohol
psychological concerns
125
dabda
denial anger bargaining depression acceptance
126
denial
athletes think they can plan
127
anger
listen to what they have to say prevent further injury
128
bargaininG
stand your ground
129
depression
athlete lacks compliance feels isolated from team
130
life threatening emergenices can occur
at anytime of the year during a sporting event
131
emergency action plan
a prearranged plan that can be implemented on a moments notice
132
seperate plans should be developed
for each facility
133
outline
personal and role emergency team
134
identify
necessary equipment
135
avalibilty of
phones and access to 911
136
procedure for activating ems
maps and directions procedue procedure for documenting medical emergency
137
immediate
care of the athlete
138
retrieval
of emergency equipment
139
activation
of ems and direct them
140
supplies at venue
spine board cervical collar face mask removal tool cpr masks vaccum splints crutches bloodborn pathogen kit AED emergency oxygen
141
caller of ems must relay
name of caller type of emergency present condition current care location of phone location of emergency
142
gate must be
easily accessible and keys avalible
143
someone should
accomany athlete to hospital
144
notify parents
if athlete is a minor should try to obtain consent from parents
145
primary survey
athletic trainer must be able to triage injuries
146
abcs
airway breathing circulation shock and severe bleeding
147
secondary survey
performed once life threatening condition ruled out
148
gather specific
information about the injry
149
asses
vitals and perform more detailed evalution
150
unconcious athlete
assume the worst
151
if prone and not breathing
log roll
152
obsctruced airway management
heimlich maneuver
153
use during primary survey
abcs
154
shock normally occurs during
bleeding fracture intenral injuries
155
decrease in
blood avalible to circulatory system movement of blood cells slows oxygen transport
156
signs of shock
most pale cold clamy skin weak rapid pulse shallow respiration decrease in blood pressure urinary retention fecal incontinence excitement and thirst
157
management
maintain core temp elevate feet and legs 8-12 inches above heart keep athlete calm limit onlookers
158
emergency splinting
always splint before you move them improper splinting could increase injury
159
splint
one joint above and below
160
ems should be contacted
if spine boarding is requried
161
maintain
head and neck alignment
162
one person responsible
for head and neck hand position goes to where u end up and not starting
163
manual conveyance
used to move mildly injured athlete a greater distance than could be walked carrying athlete
164
ambulatory aid
can stand sort of bear weight just there to help them
165
stretcher carrying
best and safest mode of transportation
166
crutch base should fall
one inch below anterior fold of armpit
167
venous
dark red with continous flow
168
capillary
exides from tissue and is redish
169
arterial
flows in spurts and is bright red life threatning
170
firm pressure
hand and sterile gauze placed directly over site
171
elevation
reduces hydrostatic pressure and facilitates venous and lymphatic drainage slows bleeding
172
pressure point
11 points in body direct pressure is applied to slow bleeding
173
internal hemorrage
can occur beneath skin bruise or contusion intramuscularity or in joint with little danger
