Test 2 Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
hyphae
A
long filament found in fungal cells responsible for growth and taking in nutrients
2
Q
spores
A
fungi produce these for reproduction
3
Q
what are the source of antibacterial treatments?
A
fungi
ex. penicillin
4
Q
yeast are…
A
fungi
5
Q
how do yeast reproduce
A
budding process
6
Q
protozoa are…
A
unicellular, eukaryotic organisms
7
Q
protozoa are classified by
A
how they move
8
Q
cilia are
A
short projections which aid in movement
9
Q
flagella are
A
long projections anchored in the cell membrane
10
Q
cytoplasmic streaming
A
cytoplasm streams into pseudopod allowing microbe to move toward food and engulf it
11
Q
ways protozoa move
A
cilia
flagella
cytoplasmic streaming
12
Q
paramecium is a
A
ciliated protozoa
13
Q
euglena is a
A
flagellated protozoan
14
Q
example of a photosynthetic protozoa
A
euglena
15
Q
amoeba proteus
A
protozoan
moves using cytoplasmic streaming
16
Q
algae
A
photosynthetic eukatryotic microorganism
17
Q
algae do or do not cause disease
A
do not
18
Q
spirogyra is
A
algae
19
Q
what is visible in an animal cell under the light microscope
A
the stained nucleus and cell membrane, no other membrane bound organelles
20
Q
What is in a TSI slant
A
1% lactose in slant 1% sucrose in slant 0.1% glucose in butt proteins throughout FeSO4 phenol red
21
Q
what is phenol red
A
a pH indicator
turns yellow when acidic
red when neutral
magenta when basic
22
Q
how do TSI slants work?
A
- bacteria stabbed into tube and streaked on slant
- bacteria ferment the sugars in the tube producing acid
- the acid lowers the pH of the media turning it yellow
23
Q
yellow slant
A
lactose and or sucrose fermentation
24
Q
yellow butt
A
glucose fermentation
25
A indicates
yellow
26
K indicates
no color change
27
yellow slant, yellow butt
AA
28
red slant, yellow butt
KA
29
red slant, red butt
KK
30
yellow slant, red butt
AK
31
what gases are usually produced in TSI slant
H2 or CO2
32
gas production is seen in TSI slant as
bubbles or cracks in the media
33
how is gas denoted?
a + after denoting the slant and butt
34
If the microbe produces H2S what happens?
the bacteria can reduce sulfate - therefore black precipitate is formed
35
order for TSI recording
- sugar fermentation in slant
- sugar fermentation in butt
- gas production
- fe precipitation
36
purpose of thioglycolate broth
determine oxygen needs of bacteria
37
what does thioglycolate broth contain
- all necessary nutrient for bacteria to grow
- reducing agent sodium thioglycolate
- color indicator to tell where oxygen is present in the broth
38
what is the color indicator in a thioglycolate broth?
methylene blue
| turns blue when oxygen is present
39
As oxygen diffuses into a thioglycolate broth...
thioglycolate reduces the oxygen to water making it anaerobic
40
growth in only clear region of thioglycolate broth
obligate anaerobe
41
growth in only blue region of thioglycolate broth
obligate aerobe
42
growth throughout thioglycolate broth
facultative anaerobe
43
purpose of anaerobe jar
allow microbes to grow on nutrient agar in anaerobic condition
44
gas pack
used in anaerobe jar to produce H2 gass to keep it anaerobic
45
resazurin
used as oxygen indicator with anaerobe jar
turns red in presence of oxygen
46
anaerobe jar with growth only inside
obligate anaerobe
47
anaerobe jar with growth only outside
obligate aerobe
48
anaerobe jar with similar growth inside and outside
aerotolerant
49
anaerobe jar with more growth outside but some inside
facultative anaerobe
50
steps to focusing a microscope
- scanning lens (4x) and coarse adjustment knob to find specimen
- fine focus the sample with fine adjustment knob
- move to low power (10x)
- fine adjust
- move to medium power (40x)
- fine adjust
51
steps when using immersion oil
- move 1/2 way to 100x lens
- add immersion oil to lens
- move 100x lens all the way
- fine focus
52
how to clean and store microscope
- remove slide
- turn to scanning lens
- turn off light
- unplug and wrap cord around base
- clean oil immersion and high power lens with lens paper and cleaner
- replace cover and return to cabinate with the arm facing out
53
what to recognize in algae
green color from chloroplast
| nucleus in middle of cell
54
the spore comes out of...
sporangia
55
aspergillus is
fungi
56
spirogyra is
algae
57
total magnification is determined by
objective x ocular lens
58
scanning lens
red
| 4x
59
low power lens
yellow
| 10x
60
high power lens
blue
| 40x
61
oil immersion lens
white
| 100x
62
ocular lens
10x
63
food testing involves
serial dilution along with selective and differential media to check for coliforms which are indication of fecal contamination
64
standard plate count is used
to determinehow many viable bacteria are in food samples
65
stage of standard plate count
- prepare serial dilution of sample
- all an aliquot of the dilution to a sterile petri plate
- counting number of colonies and determining CFU present for CFU/mL calculation
66
serial dilution is...
a stepwise, repeated dilution of a solution to reduce the concentration of sample
67
EMB plates
identify presence of bacteria that infect the gi tract
| indicate if gram negative are present
68
what does ecoli look like on EMB plate
metallic
| green
69
CFU
colony forming unit
70
where is growth in pour plate
within the agar
71
where is growth on streak plate
on top of agar
72
requires oxygen for growth
obligate aerobe
73
grows better with oxygen but can grow without
facultative anaerobe
74
doesn't grow with oxygen
obligate anaerobe
75
grows the same with or without oxygen
aerotolerant
76
what are the products of a gas pack
hydrogen and carbon dioxide
77
why do obligate anaerobes have to grow without oxygen
oxygen is toxic to it
78
what does thioglycolate do
consumes free oxygen
| separates oxygen levels within tube
79
what does a positive result for glucose fermentation look like
yellow at butt
80
what does positive result for lactors and or sucrose fermentation look like
yellow at slant
81
which group of microbes is the TSI slant designed for
gram negative enteric bacilli
82
clostridium sporogene is
anaerobe
83
ecoli is
facultative anaerobe
84
b. subtilis is
aerobe
85
transformation
the uptake of naked DNA in the environment by a recipient bacterium
86
competent
able to be transformed
87
how are cells made competent
- growing to mid-log phase
- incubating cells on ice with divalent cations and with naked DNA
- heat shocking the cells and DNA at 42C
88
mid log phase is
typically around three hours after inoculation
89
CaCl in transformation
neutralize charges of DNA and bacterial cell wall to allow the DNA to go into the cell
90
transformants
cells that have taken up DNA
| cells that hve been transformed
91
transformation is used to
- introduce genes of interest to bacteria
- to study location of genes on chromosome
- to understand gene regulation
92
plasmid
small circular DNA molucules
| capable of autoreplication
93
pGLO
contains ampicillin resistance and GFP
94
ampr gene gene allows
the bacterium to make the beta lactamse enzyme
95
origin of replication
needed for the cells to make copies of the pasmid DNA, without it the plasmid will not be copied or passed onto daughter cells
96
ara C
a repressor protein that normally blacks the operator region in front of GFP preventing transcription of GFP
97
GFP is on when
induced
| in the presence of arabinose
98
GFP is off when
repressed
| no arabinose is presence
99
regulator protein that regulates GFP transcription
ara c
100
beta-lactamase
ampicillin resistance
101
EGFP
green florescent protein
