Test 2 (chap 6-8)

Question 1

integumentary system

Answer 1

skin is the largest organ, includes: hair, fingernails, sensory receptors, and glands

Question 2

skin is made of…

Answer 2

2 layers. epidermis - outer layer we see. dermis - deeper layer with nerve endings

Question 3

subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Answer 3

is under the dermis, made of adipose which is fatty tissue

Question 4

identify which layers the skin the epidermis and dermis are

Answer 4

epidermis - top layer
dermis - bottom layer

Question 5

how many layers of the epidermis are there

Answer 5

4-5 layers

Question 6

layers of the epidermis - stratum basale

Answer 6

the bottom layer made of stratified squamous

Question 7

layers of the epidermis - stratum corneum

Answer 7

the outer most layer that sluff’s off and dies

Question 8

basement membrane

Answer 8

separates the 2 layers epidermis and dermis

Question 9

melanocytes

Answer 9

produce melanin (colors skin) and are in the deepest area of epidermis

Question 10

factors that impact skin color and tone

Answer 10

environment, blood, diet, and disease

Question 11

skin cancer types and abcde

Answer 11

carcinoma
melanoma - most severe
ABCDE - asymmetry, border, diameter, evolving

Question 12

dermis

Answer 12

dense connective tissue, things in this area: blood vessels, nerve tissue, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands

Question 13

sebaceous glands

Answer 13

produce oil to keep skin and hair soft

Question 14

sweat glands

Answer 14

controlled by exocrine gland? release sweat

Question 15

eccrine gland

Answer 15

for body temp

Question 16

apocrine gland

Answer 16

related more to stress of arousal

Question 17

body temperature regulation

Answer 17

vasodilation which increases blood flow that carries away heat. does this by eccrine gland releasing sweat/shivering to get warm

Question 18

signs of inflammation

Answer 18

redness, swelling, heat, pain, dysfunction

Question 19

shallowing wound healing

Answer 19

epithelial tissue divides faster, and then cells fill in the gaps

Question 20

function of bone

Answer 20

support, protection, movement, blood cell production, and storage of inorganic salts

Question 21

be able to identify the different types of bones

Answer 21

• long bones (femur)
• short bones (metatarsals)
• flat bones (scapula)
• irregular bones (vertebrae)

Question 22

components of bones

Answer 22

epiphysis - ends of bones
diaphysis - shaft of bones
periosteum - outer skin of bones
medullary cavity - inner part where red blood cells are
endosteum -

Question 23

central canals

Answer 23

Haversian canals, where blood vessels and nerves are

Question 24

perforating canals (volmann’s canals)

Answer 24

also where blood vessels are in bones but go side ways

Question 25

spongy bone

Answer 25

consists of trabeculae, decrease weight of overall bone, spaces between bone tissue, epiphysis

Question 26

compact bone

Answer 26

are dense, no space, diaphysis, cortical bone

Question 27

factors of bone growth

Answer 27

nutrition, hormone secretions, exercise, and genetics

Question 28

types of muscle

Answer 28

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

Question 29

muscle fibers

Answer 29

made of muscle cells: actin - thin. myosin - thick. the 2 slide over each other

Question 30

ligament

Answer 30

attaches bone to bone (non-contractile)

Question 31

tendon

Answer 31

attaches muscle to bone (non-contractile)

Question 32

lactic acid

Answer 32

cellular respiration and oxygen debt cause lactic acid

Question 33

fast twitch vs. slow twitch

Answer 33

fast - explosive, speed, can't be used for too long slow - long distance, slower, high endurance

Question 34

muscular contraction

Answer 34

1. the motor neuron stimulates the muscle 2. the sarcolemma (outside muscle) is stimulated and travels deeper through the transverse tubules 3. calcium ions diffuse and bind to troponin molecules 4. actin and myosin filaments form linkages

Question 35

smooth muscle

Answer 35

involuntary, organ tissue, blood vessels, rhythmic patterns, peristalsis - wavelike contractions of tubular organs

Question 36

cardiac muscle

Answer 36

located only in the heart, involuntary, rhythmic, contracts as a whole unit

Question 37

locate the scapula

Answer 37

flattish bone in shoulder area thats on the back side

Question 38

locate the clavicle

Answer 38

attaches to shoulder on front

Question 39

locate the humerus

Answer 39

the upper arm bone

Question 40

femur

Answer 40

the long upper leg bone

Question 41

locate the tibia

Answer 41

the prominent lower leg bone

Question 42

locate the fibula

Answer 42

the smaller lower leg bone

Question 43

identify where the masseter is

Answer 43

muscle in your jaw

Question 44

locate the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 44

big muscles on the sides of the neck

Question 45

locate the trapezius

Answer 45

area along the back of your neck and shoulders but also down the spine a bit

Question 46

locate the deltoid

Answer 46

is the shoulder muscles

Question 47

locate the pectoralis major

Answer 47

is your pecs

Question 48

locate the latissimus dorsi

Answer 48

muscles on your back below your traps

Question 49

locate the quadriceps

Answer 49

the upper front leg muscle (your quads)

Question 50

locate the gluteus maximus

Answer 50

ass

Question 51

locate the gluteus medius

Answer 51

on the sides near/below hips

Question 52

locate the hamstring

Answer 52

muscles along the back of the upper leg

Question 53

locate the gastrocnemius

Answer 53

is your calf muscles, on the back lower leg

Question 54

osteoperosis

Answer 54

thinning of the spongey bone