test 5 (chap 15, 18,20) Flashcards
(44 cards)
layers of the alimentary canal
- mucous membrane
- submucosa
- muscular layer
- serous layer
mucous membrane
- made of epithelium and connective tissue
- contains glands that secrete mucus and digestive enzymes
serous layer
- secretes serous fluid on outside that lubricates
- protection
types of salivary glands and function
- serous = watery salivary amylase which is a digestive enzyme that breaks down carbs
- mucus = binds and lubricates food for swallowing
peristalsis
waves of muscular contraction along the alimentary canal that propels food and nutrients along
segmentation
contraction of smooth muscle that aid in mixing movements in stomach
macronutrients
carbohydrates, fat, protein
where does digestion begin
the mouth with the salivary glands, which starts digestion of carbohydrates
what occurs in the mouth
mastication - the mechanical breakdown of food into smaller particles and mixing with saliva (chewing)
what are the lips and tongue for in eating
- lips = determining temperature and texture of food
- tongue = moves food; taste; made of mostly skeletal muscle
what occurs in the esophagus
- connects to stomach
- peristalsis continues here
- lower esophageal sphincter = prevents food from regurgitating/acid reflux
what occurs in the stomach
- food mixes with gastric juice
- protein digestion begins here
- some absorption - liquids, salts, alcohol
- solids stay here longer
what occurs in the small intestines
- most important part of absorption
- food from stomach dropped into first part called the duodenum
- receives secretions from the pancreas and liver
what are the 3 parts of the small intestines
- duodenum = where stomach attaches to small intestines and where bile and pancreatic enzymes are dumped
- jejunum
- ileum
what occurs in the pancreas
- secretes pancreatic juice for digestion
- connects to the duodenum
what occurs in the liver
- filters blood
- stores glycogen, iron, and vitamins
- metabolizes carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
- secretes bile that dumps into gallbladder
what occurs in the large intestines
- large intestines (cecum) connects to small intestines (ileum)
- mostly for removing waste/material not digested or absorbed (shit)
what is the recommended caloric intake for females ages 19/20
2,000 calories if sedentary
2,200 if moderately active
2,400 if very active
what is the recommended caloric intake for males ages 19/20
2,600 calories if sedentary
2,800 if moderately active
3,000 if very active
things to avoid in your diet
excessive …
- sugar
- caffeine
- sweeteners
- saturated fat
- alcohol
- processed food
- trans fat
some factors in poor eating
- stress
- eating too much
- too fast
- too late
- allowing hunger to drive food intake
- associating food with social events
- “getting you moneys worth”
stats on reducing cardiovascular disease
vegetables and fruits
- 5 servings/day reduce by 20%
- 8 servings/day reduce by 30%
- lowers blood pressure by 11 systolic and 6 diastolic
- reduces diabetes
homeostasis regarding water and electrolyte balance
the body regularly goes through the process of replacing lost water and electrolytes and excretion of water and electrolytes
intracellular fluid compartments
- fluid within cells
- high concentration of potassium, magnesium, and phosphate
