Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Sociology 1000 > Test 2 Class Notes > Flashcards

Test 2 Class Notes Flashcards

1
Q

goal of science

A

describe, explain, predict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

some examples of folk wisdom

A

absence makes the heart grow fonder, out of dight out of mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

idea behind social facts

A

we are to study them as objects in their own right. they exist external to us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gender differences in suicide

A

women attempt suicide more, and men commit suicide more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

empirical generalizations

A

isolated propositions that summarize the observations b/w 2 or more variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

logical induction

A

“bottom up” start with many cases and work up towards a general principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

steps to uncovering the general principle (from diagram)

A

observations - measurement - empirical generalizations - logical induction - general principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

logical deduction

A

beginning with a general principle and moving mentally towards a specific measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

syllogism

A
  1. take a general principle
  2. take a specific instance of a general principle
  3. the conclusion should logically follow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 types of suicide

A

egoistic
anomic
fatalistic
altruistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

egoistic suicide

A

lack of meaningful social integration to a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

anomic suicide

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fatalistic suicide

A

overregulation from a group (prison, military)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

altruistic

A

excessive loyalty/integration to a group where it may be expected members will sacrifice themselves at the group’s discretion (suicide bombers, cults)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

culture

A

a part of the environment that humans create that is learned, shared and transmitted over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

material vs nonmaterial culture

A

material: physical substances
nonmaterial: ideas, values and beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

relationship b/w material and nonmaterial culture

A

material culture is an outgrowth of nonmaterial culture and would be meaningless without it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cultural proscriptions

A

things that we won’t do because it’s been taught in our culture that it’s wrong or inappropriate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how can we discover the values of a society?

A

the words that people use
how the people act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ideology and the 2 types

A

interrelated set of beliefs and values; dominant and counter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dominant ideology

A

explain/justify the perpetuation of a given state of affairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

counter ideology

A

provide a rationale to change a given state of affairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

relationship b/w norms and values

A

norms are more specific than values as norms can serve as immediate guides for behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 types of norms

A

folkway
more
law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
folkways
the way people commonly act, traditional behavior, ex: meet someone new formally and shake their hand
26
mores
actions of considerable moral importance that produce an emotional response by the community when violated
27
laws
consciously enacted for a particular purpose and enforced by the government
28
ideal vs real norms
ideal: formally taught and approved real: how we really act
29
elements of culture are interrelated so as to produce a.....
relatively integrated and coherent whole
30
"sui generus"
the whole is equal to more than a sum of its parts
31
what makes the difference in sui generus?
how the parts fit together
32
focal points of communities can do what?
bring together a high degree of social integration
33
3 types of cultural disintegration
invasion violation turf defense
34
invasion
entering the territory of another without permission
35
violation
making use of a territory in a way that it was not intended to be used
36
turf defense
ultimate response when we can no longer tolerate the intrusion
37
can any norms become/absolutely not become another?
-folkways can't become mores -mores can become folkways ex: legalization of marijuana
38
culture lag
2 interrelated parts of culture change at different rates so 1 lags behind the other
39
subculture
clusters of patterns that are both related to the general culture yet distinguishable from it ex: opening christmas gifts; some do on xmas eve, some on xmas morning
40
contraculture
groups whose patterns not only differ from others but also challenge their beliefs and their values ex: cults
41
ethnocentrism
view of things in which our own group is at the center of everything and all other groups are compared to our own group
42
ethnocentrism is a social extension of what common idea?
the idea that as individuals we consider ourselves as the center of the universe
43
cultural relativism
attempting to interpret the actions of others in terms of their own beliefs
44
xenocentrism
the belief that products and styles of another group is superior to those of our own culture
45
what does Cooley say about our sense of self?
we create it ourselves
46
3 stages to Cooley's looking-glass self
1. our imagination of how we appear to others 2. our imagination of how we think others judge what we think they see 3. our self-feeling (if we think they see us positively, we're more likely to see ourselves positively)
47
3 main types of self according to Cooley
party face, funeral self & dog face
48
our underlying continuities despite variations in our many selves:
1. our name and other identity pegs 2. we remember the parts we played in our earlier life 3. expectations from others that our actions are to be consistent
49
ways to change our sense of self
change name, location
50
Mead's 3 stage theory of self-emergence
a. preplay b. play c. game
51
main point of Mead's preplay stage
this is when children start engaging in meaningless imitation; if they can't engage with the outside world they may be diagnosed with autism
52
main point of Mead's play stage
children finally develop a SENSE OF SELF as this is when they are an object in an environment in which they can interact with; they also develop an egocentric POV where they think the world revolves around them
53
true or false: children understand that people can have multiple roles at once in the play stage
false
54
main point of Mead's game stage
children begin to understand the logic of rules (they exist, what they are and what they define)
55
when do children understand the concept of the generalized other (and what is it)
Mead's game stage; our perceptions of general societal expectations for our actions
56
once we finally understand the generalized other, how do our attitudes and commands change?
they shift from particular to universalized
57
the self is composed of 2 parts
I and Me
58
what is I
active portion of self that enables us to be aware of who we are; more spontaneous self
59
what is Me
organized set of attitudes that we assume; generalized other in our actions
60
relationship b/w I and Me
our actions begin in the form of I and end in the form of Me
61
Me vs I which has control over the other?
Me controls I
62
situated self
every role has a self waiting for us
63
interactional mechanisms for the protection of self
mention unapparent attributes humor avoid choose friends carefully
64
interactional mechanisms for enhancement of self
dramatic realization and concealment
65
dramatic realization
showing off aspects of our self/performance that we think will give others a positive impression of us
66
concealment
hiding what we don't want others to know about us bc we think it'll reflect badly on us
67
social stratification
ordered ranking of strata in the form a hierarchy
68
criteria for ranking in social stratification
1. objective 2. subjective: people rank themselves 3. reputational: people rank each other
69
review the superstructure of stratification from class
70
what did Mark say about the ruling class
the ruling ideas of anyage are the ideas of the ruling class
71
what did Mark say about or social position
we are born into our social position and it's the most important life experience bc it shapes the way we view the world (politics, society, etc)
72
Weber's view on rankings in society
power/class/status

Sociology 1000 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions