Test 2 - Lecture 7 (Auditory)

Question 1

outer ear

Answer 1

collects sounds to focus upon middle ear

Question 2

middle ear

Answer 2

amplifies the sound energy for conveyance into the inner ear

Question 3

inner ear

Answer 3

transduces the sound energy into nervous signals

Question 4

compression

Answer 4

increase in density

Question 5

rarefaction

Answer 5

reduction in density

Question 6

quantities of sound (tone and intensity) is from

Answer 6

frequency and amplitude of sound wave

Question 7

reissner’s membrane

Answer 7

separates the scala vestibuli from the scala media

Question 8

basilar membrane

Answer 8

separates the scala media from the scala tympani

Question 9

perilymph

Answer 9

fluid within the scala vestibuli and scala tymapani

Question 10

endolymph

Answer 10

fluid within the scala media

Question 11

hair cells

Answer 11

comprise the sensory receptors that transduce sound energy into a neurochemical signal

Question 12

malleus and incus function as

Answer 12

levers

Question 13

stapes functions as

Answer 13

piston

Question 14

oval window is made to

Answer 14

vibrate with the same frequencies and relative amplitudes as the sound waves focused upon the tympanum

Question 15

compression of the basilar membrane moves it

Answer 15

downward

build in scala tympani - round window bowing outword

Question 16

rarefaction causes the basilar membrane to displace

Answer 16

upward

lessen the pressure of scala tympani - draws the round window inward

Question 17

tectorial membrane

Answer 17

cantilevered gelatinous shelf that forms a cover above the hair cells

Question 18

4 rows of hair cells on basilar membrane

Answer 18

3 rows of outer

1 row of inner

Question 19

magnitude of the shearing force will vary in direct proportion with the

Answer 19

amplitude of the sound waves

Question 20

endolymph has high levels of K; creating an

Answer 20

electrochemical gradient (K from endolymph into perilymph)

Question 21

back and forth K channels opening from the displacement of stereocili is called

Answer 21

mechanosensitive gating

Question 22

displacement towards the tall

Answer 22

conductance is greater (K channels open - depolarization)

- low basal rate of release (low gCa) glutamate

Question 23

displacement towards the away

Answer 23

conductance becomes less (K channels are less open - hyperpolarization)
- high rate of release (high gCa) glutamate

Question 24

low frequencies are detected near the

Answer 24

apex

Question 25

mid frequencies are detected near the

Answer 25

middle

Question 26

high frequencies are detected near the

Answer 26

base

Question 27

tonotopic map

Answer 27

localizing specific frequencies to specific locations along basilar membrane

Question 28

auditory reception

Answer 28

breaks sounds down into their individual frequency components for transmission into the brain

Question 29

intensity

Answer 29

firing rate of individual neurons, along with the total number of neurons that are activated

Question 30

pitch

Answer 30

projection of tonotopic mapping of nervous signals up to the auditory cortex

Question 31

location in space

Answer 31

localization in the horizontal plane relies upon comparisons of subtle differences in input form the two ears