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Test 2 Prep Flashcards

1
Q

What is Atropine/what is its moa?

A

muscarinic receptor antagonist –> blocks too much parasympathetic effect
used to treat bradycardia and some AV blocks

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2
Q

What parasympathetic receptors are located in the heart?

A

M2 mainly - reduces atrial rate and slows AV conduction

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3
Q

What is propranolol?

A

B adrenergic antagonist –> will inhibit sympathetic stimulation in heart and slow hr

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4
Q

What K channels are responsible for stage 4 of the action potential?

A

Kc and Kb

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5
Q

How long should a QRS complex be?

A

0.05 - 0.10 sec

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6
Q

How long should a Q wave be?

A

no more than 0.03 (less than 1 box)

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7
Q

What ANS receptor is responsible for dilating pupils?

A

alpha 1 adrenergic

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8
Q

What ANS receptor is responsible for ciliary muscle contraction for farsight?

A

beta 1 adrenergic

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9
Q

What type of receptor is on a chromaffin cell? What happens when it is stimulated?

A

nicotinic ACh receptor

Ach binds –> epi, NE, and DA –> to adrenergic receptors throughout body

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10
Q

What ANS receptor causes bronchodilation?

A

beta2 adrenergic receptor

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11
Q

In the lungs, what ANS receptors are responsible for secretion?

A 
alpha = decreased secretion
beta = increased secretion
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12
Q

What ANS receptor is responsible for decreasing insulin release?

A

alpha 2 adrenergic

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13
Q

What ANS receptor is responsible for relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle?

A

alpha 1 adrenergic

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14
Q

What cranial nerve is the carotid sinus n?

A

CN 9

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15
Q

What cranial nerve is the aortic nerve?

A

CNX (vagus N)

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16
Q

What is an afferent path?

A

from body, back to CNS

Afferent goes bAck

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17
Q

What is an efferent path?

A

from cns –> to body/pns

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18
Q

What is angiotensin II’s effect on the body?

A

increased aldosterone
increased ADH
global vasoconstriction

19
Q

What converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?

20
Q

What is the order of products to turn G3P into a TAG?

A

G3P –> lysophosphatidic acid –> phosphatidic acid –> DAG –> TAG

21
Q

What enzyme is the target of statins?

A

HMG CoA reductase

22
Q

What would happen to the pressure-volume loop with increased preload?

A

increases on the right side only

23
Q

What would happen to the pressure-volume loop with increased afterload?

A

becomes taller

24
Q

What would happen to the pressure-volume loop with increased contractility?

A

becomes taller and wider to the left

25
Which cardiac enzyme is the best marker of a new MI?
CK-MB
26
What causes renin secretion?
B1 adrenergic stimulation on juxtaglomerular cells
27
What receptors respond to hyperosmolarity of the blood?
V1 and V2 --> vasopressin/ADH
28
what ANS receptor is responsible for increased K+ uptake into cells?
Beta 2
29
How does digoxin interact w/ ANS receptors?
indirectly stimulates M2 receptors in the heart
30
What is an undulating baseline on EKG a key sign of?
Atrial fibrillation
31
What is aspirin used for in relation to heart disease?
aspirin is a COX inhibitor --> prevents formation of thromboxane A2 --> prevents further occlusion of arteries
32
How would aortic stenosis affect the pressure-volume loop?
would increase afterload --> increase the height | end up decreasing contractility
33
What does BNP do?
arteriolar dilation increases fluid loss inhibits renin
34
What happens to the volume-pressure curves after hemorrhage?
increase preload | increase contractility
35
What type of drug should you prescribe for heart failure and asthma?
beta 1 and beta 2 agonist
36
At what grade of murmur can you start hearing a thrill?
grade 4
37
what do the jugular veins reflect?
the activity of the right side of the heart (central venous pressure (CVP) and RA pressure) internal jugular is better est than external
38
How do you measure JVP?
place pt in supin pos --> raise to 30-45 degrees | normal JVP is 0-9
39
What are the most common causes of an elevated JVP?
elevated right ventricle diastolic pressure SVC obstruction severe heart failure
40
Which JVP wave doesn't have any clinical significance?
C = due to ventricular contraction
41
What is the downward slope after the V wave in JVP due to?
tricuspid valve opening
42
What are the main causes of hepato jugular reflex?
poorly compliant RV or RV failure constrictive pericarditis obstructive RV filling by TS or RA tumor
43
How is hormone sensitive lipase activated?
phosphorylated through PKA

CP-1 (32 decks)

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