Test 2 section 2

Question 1

Grieft that helps accept the reality of death

Revealed in positive memories and seeing some good from the death

Answer 1

adaptive grief

Question 2

prolonged grief disorder

Denial od the loss for longer than 6 months

Answer 2

Dysfunctional Grief

Question 3

are the written documents of those wishes and the designated spokesperson

Answer 3

advanced directives

Question 4

is a process that involves having patients think through, talk about, and document their values and goals for treatment

Answer 4

advance care planning

Question 5

patients and families have the right to decide whether CPR will be used

Answer 5

resuscitation

Question 6

is the deliberate act of hastening death

Answer 6

Euthanasia

Question 7

The effort required to expand and contract the lungs

Answer 7

Work of breathing

Question 8

Chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them form collapsing

Answer 8

surfactant

Question 9

collapse of the alveoli that prevents the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 9

atelectasis

Question 10

the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs

Answer 10

ventilation

Question 11

exchange go respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries

Answer 11

Diffusion

Question 12

the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Answer 12

perfusion

Question 13

ventilation in excess of that required to eliminate carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism

Answer 13

hyperventilation

Question 14

alveolar ventilation inadequate to meet the body oxygen demand or to eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide

Answer 14

hypoventilation

Question 15

inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level

Answer 15

hypoxia

Question 16

blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes

Answer 16

cyanosis

Question 17

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways

Answer 17

asthma

Question 18

a type of COPD involving permanent damage to the alveoli in the lungs
Irreversible

Answer 18

Emphysema

Question 19

the inability to cope with perceived demands or threats to ones mental,emotional,and spiritual well-being

Answer 19

stress

Question 20

resourcefulness,flexible, and having good problem-solving skills

Answer 20

resilience

Question 21

courage and motivation to turn potential disaster into opportunities for personal growth

Answer 21

Hardiness

Question 22

helps prevent disease and prolonged life

Answer 22

attitude

Question 23

helps avoid illness and increases speed of recovery

Answer 23

optimism

Question 24

contains the reticular activating system to send alertness impulses to limbic system and cerebral cortex

Answer 24

reticular formation

Question 25

Central to connection between nervous and endocrine systems | Regulates the function of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 25

hypothalamus

Question 26

stimulates adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norepinephrine Flight or fight response

Answer 26

sympathetic nervous response

Question 27

increase cardiac output, blood glucose levels, oxygen consumption, and metabolic rate

Answer 27

corticosteroids

Question 28

interdisciplinary science involving the interactions among psychological, neurological, and immune responses

Answer 28

psychoneuroimmunology

Question 29

a persons cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external or internal stressors that seem to exceed available resources

Answer 29

coping

Question 30

risk factors for infants, toddlers, school aged

Answer 30

lead | choking

Question 31

risk factors for adolescents

Answer 31

automobile accidents | substance abuse

Question 32

risk factors for school aged child

Answer 32

outdoor activities

Question 33

risk factors for adults

Answer 33

lifestyle | Ex. smoking, drinking, hazardous work

Question 34

are physical or chemical devices to restrict a patients movement

Answer 34

restraints

Question 35

track a variety of evidence-based, scientifically-researched standards of care which have been shown to result in improved clinical outcomes for patients

Answer 35

core measures

Question 36

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

Answer 36

pain

Question 37

physiological process that communicates tissue damage to the CNS

Answer 37

nociception

Question 38

noxious stimuli causes cell damage with the release of sensitizing chemicals These substances activate nociceptors and lead to generation of action potential

Answer 38

transduction

Question 39

Action potential continues from Site of injury to spinal cord Spinal cord to brainstem and thalamus Thalamus to cortex for processing

Answer 39

Transmission

Question 40

conscious experience of pain

Answer 40

perception

Question 41

neurons originating in the brainstem descend to the spinal cord and release substance that inhibits nociceptive impulses

Answer 41

modulation

Question 42

send sharp, localized, distinct sensation

Answer 42

fast myelinated A-delta fibers

Question 43

send poorly localized, burning, persistent pain

Answer 43

slow, small, unmyelinated C fibers

Question 44

superficial or deep Localized Arises from bone, joint, muscle, skin, or connective tissue

Answer 44

somatic pain

Question 45

Tumor involvement or obstruction | Arises from internal organs such as the intestine and bladder

Answer 45

Visceral pain

Question 46

Sudden onset Less than 3 months Mild to sever

Answer 46

acute pain

Question 47

Persistent pain Gradual or sudden onset Longer than 3 months Cause may be unknown

Answer 47

chronic pain

Question 48

3 categories of medications for pain

Answer 48

Nonopiod opioid Adjuvant

Question 49

increasing dose above upper limits produces no greater analgesia

Answer 49

analgesic ceiling

Question 50

potent, no analgesic ceiling, and have several routes for administration Often combined with nonopiod analgesic for relief of moderate pain

Answer 50

Pure agonists

Question 51

Less respiratory depression Have an analgesic ceiling CAn precipitate withdrawal

Answer 51

Mixed agonists-antagonists

Question 52

common side effects of opioids

Answer 52

``` Constipation N/V Sedation Respiratory depression Pruritus ```

Question 53

Dose adjustment based on assessment of analgesic effect versus side effects Use the smallest dose to provide effective pain control with fewest side effects

Answer 53

Titration

Question 54

Dose of one analgesic that is approximately equivalent in pain-releveing effects compared with another analgesic Helps guide dosing when changing routes or when a drug is ineffective or causes intolerable side effects

Answer 54

equianalgesic dosing

Question 55

route of choice with functioning GI tract

Answer 55

Oral

Question 56

Delivery to vascular mucosa, avoiding first-pass effect

Answer 56

Intranasal

Question 57

Useful in case of severe nausea or vomiting

Answer 57

rectal

Question 58

For ever pain unresponsive to other therapy | Destroy nerves to stop transmission

Answer 58

Neuroablative

Question 59

Electrical stimulation of brain and spinal cord | Commonly used of chronic back pain

Answer 59

Neuroaugmentation

Question 60

3 types of cognitive therapies

Answer 60

Distraction Hypnosis Relaxation

Question 61

occurs when patients exhibit behaviors commonly associated with addiction, but the behaviors resolve with adequate of the patients pain

Answer 61

pseudoaddiction