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Biology 102 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cross section of the earth

A

1) thin layer: crust
2) mantle: molten lava
3) core: center, solid

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2
Q

plate tectonics

A

earth’s crust is broken into 7-9 plates

  • crustal margin of 1 plate being thrust under margin of another plate
  • plate goes down and creates mountain chain
  • continents and islands like Hawaii have a weak spot
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3
Q

Pangea (super continent)

A

225 million years ago, all the continents together.

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4
Q

Subcontinent: Laurasia

A

northern subcontinent: N. America and Northern Europe, Asia including China

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5
Q

subcontinent: Gondwanaland

A

southern subcontinent: S. America, Africa, Australia, Antartica, India, S. Europe

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6
Q

Age of Earth

A

4.5 billion years old

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7
Q

Archean

A
  • 1st appearance of bacteria-3.8 billion years old

- archaebacteria and eubacteria

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8
Q

Proterozoic

A

-archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae

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9
Q

paleozoic

A

-archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae
-animalae: invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles and fish
(fossils of birds and mammals are missing)

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10
Q

mesozoic

A
  • all kingdoms
  • age of reptiles (Dinos)
  • animalae- 1st appearance of birds
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11
Q

Cenozoic

A

65 million years ago to present

  • all kingdoms
  • animalae- 1st appearance of mammals
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12
Q

pathogen

A

infectious, disease-carrying agents that invade the target organism and multiplies inside or on them
ex: bacteria, fungi

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13
Q

infection vs. disease

A

infection: any pathogen that invades cells
disease: have to have the infection and white blood cells could not fight it off

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14
Q

epidemic vs. pandemic

A

epidemic: effects smaller community, spreads quickly then gone
pandemic: around the world, affecting all over

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15
Q

characteristics of bacteria

A
  • all are prokaryotes,do not have nucleus
  • have circular DNA
  • all are microscopic
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16
Q

3 shapes of bacteria

A
  1. round (coccus)
  2. rod (bacillus)
  3. spiral (spirillum)
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17
Q

autotroph

A

manufacture own food

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18
Q

heterotrophs

A

does not make own food

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19
Q

Lactobacillus bacteria

A

found in pickles, buttermilk, yogurt

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20
Q

actinomycetes

A

manufacture antibiotics

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21
Q

e.coli

A

manufacture vitamin k, assist in fat digestion, help newborn babies digest milk

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22
Q

clostridium botulinum

A

food poisoning

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23
Q

clostridium tetanus

A

tetanus or lockjaw

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24
Q

borrelia burgdorferi

A

lyme disease

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25
slime molds
creep along
26
amoeboid protozoans
adult amoebas move and capture prey through pseudopodia (false feet) - foraminferans heliozoans radiolarians
27
ciliated protozoans
move with cilia - paramecium: typical example - didinium: parasitic protozoan
28
flagellated protozoans
move with 1 or more flagellum ex: giardia-causes diarrhea - trichomoniasis: sexually transmitted - trypanosomiasis: sleeping sickness
29
sporozoans
parasites that must complete part of life cycle inside host cell -plasmodium: causes malaria
30
types of protists
- mostly photosynthetic single-celled protists ex: euglenas, diatoms, dinoflagellates - mostly photosynthetic multi-celled protists ex: red algae, green algae, brown algae
31
brown algae
far east, ice cream, frozen foods, pudding, etc source of food source of mineral salts
32
green algae
closely resembles plants and may be closest relatives
33
xylem
bundles that transport water through all parts of plant | -can see
34
phloem
bundles that transport sugars and other photosynthetic products
35
nonvascular plants
plants without xylem and phloem bundles
36
vascular plants
with xylem and phloem bundles
37
seed-bearing
plants produce seeds - some do not produce flowers : gymnosperms - others produce flowers: angiosperms
38
angiosperms
``` one cotyledon (monocots) 2 cotyledons (dicots) ```
39
fungi are heterotrophs
- cannot carry out photosynthesis | - must acquire organic molecules from environment
40
lichens
a combination of fungus and photosynthetic organism- cyanobacteria or algae - mutualistic relationship- both partners benefit - the organisms are symbionts- live together closely
41
early warning signs
lichens very sensitive to deteriorating environmental conditions - absorb toxins but cannot get rid of them - air pollution kills lichens - can serve as environmental indicator
42
3 major fungal classification
1. zygomycota- ex: bread mold 2. basidiomycota- club fungi 3. asomycota- sac fungi
43
aspergillus
used in food production | -produces citric acid used in hard candies and soft drinks
44
penicillium
used in drug production and in cheese flavoring
45
characteristics of animals
- all multi celled - all heterotrophs - aerobic respiration- require oxygen - reproduce primarily sexually - mobile during part of their life cycle - life cycle proceeds through period of embryonic development - all eukaryotes
46
2 major division of animals
vertebrates- animals with backbone - includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish 2. invertebrates- animals without backbone
47
radial symmetry
body parts arranged regularly around central axis
48
sac like gut
only 1 opening for food and waste
49
bilateral symmetry
head and tail region, left and right equal halves
50
tube like gut
2 distinct openings- 1 for food and 1 for waste
51
false coelom or body cavity
organs not lined with peritoneum
52
true coelom or body cavity
organs lined with peritoneum | -humans
53
segmentation
earthworm, insect
54
roundworms
pinworms, hookworms
55
echinoderms
sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers
56
segmented worms
earthworms, leeches
57
platyhelminthes (flatworms)
flukes, tapeworms
58
cnidarians
corals, sea anemones, jellyfish
59
arthropods
crustaceans (Shrimp, crab, lobster) spiders, insects
60
what is a vertebrate
internal skeleton: endoskeleton- bone or cartilage | -brain protected inside of skull
61
placoderms
extinct, jaws and paired fins, aquatic, bottom-dwelling scavengers and predators, armor plated
62
jawless fishes
includes hagfish and lampreys, cylindrical body, no paired fins, no jaws, round mouth, aquatic
63
cartilaginous fishes
``` sharks, rays -skeleton- cartilage -5-7 gill slits aquatic -ectotherms or cold blooded ```
64
bony fishes
``` most fish- 96% of all fish -skeleton- bone aquatic includes eels, sea horses -cold blooded ```
65
What are 2 characteristics of mammals
1. have hair | 2. breast milk

Biology 102 (5 decks)

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