Test 4

Question 1

4 elements that make up molecules of human body

Answer 1

1. oxygen- 65%
2. carbon- 18.5%
3. hydrogen- 9.5%
4. nitrogen- 3%

Question 2

every atom atom has 3 parts

Answer 2

1. electron (negative)
2. proton (positive)
3. neutron (neutral)

Question 3

isotope

Answer 3

elements with different number of neutrons

Question 4

Major group of molecules

Answer 4

carbohydrates
lipids
amino acids and proteins
nucleotides and nucleic acids

Question 5

glucose

Answer 5

main source of energy

Question 6

polysaccharides

Answer 6

long chain with 2 or more sugar units

Question 7

monosaccharides

Answer 7

1 sugar unit

ex: fructose, glucose

Question 8

disaccharides

Answer 8

2 sugar units

ex: lactose, sucrose

Question 9

complex carbs

Answer 9

starch, cellulose, chitin

glycogen: stored in our liver

Question 10

Types of lipids

Answer 10

fats
phospholipids
sterols
waxes

Question 11

fats

Answer 11

comprised of glycerol molecule and long tail of fatty acids (hydrocarbon)

Question 12

triglycerides

Answer 12

fats in most foods

solid at room temperature or liquid

Question 13

saturated

Answer 13

single bonds

ex: stearic acid

Question 14

unsaturated

Answer 14

double bonds

ex: linolenic acid

Question 15

trans fat

Answer 15

formed when unsaturated fats are hydrogenated

unhealthy fat- increases risk of heart disease

Question 16

phospholipids

Answer 16

molecule has 2 fatty acid tails

ex: main component of cell membranes

Question 17

sterols

Answer 17

steroid hormones, cholesterol

Question 18

waxes

Answer 18

birds use waxes to waterproof feathers

ex: bees make honeycombs

Question 19

proteins and amino acids

Answer 19

main building blocks of life
skin, bone, muscles, cartilage, feathers
needed in diet

Question 20

enzymes

Answer 20

break down foods

Question 21

hemoglobin

Answer 21

help blood clot

Question 22

3 part to nucleotides

Answer 22

1. 5 carbon sugar- either ribose or deoxyribose
2. phosphate group
3. nitrogen containing base

Question 23

4 nucleotides that make-up human DNA

Answer 23

1. adenine
2. thymine
3. guanine
4. cytosine

Question 24

cell theory

Answer 24

1. all organisms are composed of 1 or more cells
2. cell is smallest unit of life
3. cells grow and divide continuously and give rise to other cells

Question 25

crust, mantle, core

Answer 25

plasma membrane cytoplasm nucleus

Question 26

plasma membrane

Answer 26

2 layered, primarily phospholipids with proteins | keeps interior of cell separate

Question 27

nucleus

Answer 27

contains cell's DNA keeps it separate from cytoplasm directs most cellular activities

Question 28

cytoplasm

Answer 28

contains organelles, site of most cell activity

Question 29

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 29

assemble amino acids to make proteins- protein synthesis

Question 30

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 30

modification of newly formed proteins lipid synthesis detoxification of alcohol, drugs

Question 31

golgi bodies

Answer 31

final modification of proteins and lipids, packaged for use

Question 32

vesicles

Answer 32

have many functions including storing molecules. | transport protein and lipid molecules

Question 33

lysosomes

Answer 33

digesting and recycling cell's waste products

Question 34

mitochondria

Answer 34

energy from respiration converted to ATP | has own DNA

Question 35

cytoskeleton

Answer 35

structural reinforcement interconnected system of protein fibers between nucleus and cell membrane gives shape and support to cell

Question 36

central vacuole

Answer 36

stores amino acids, sugars, toxic wastes

Question 37

cell walls

Answer 37

protects cell membrane, provides strength, reduces water loss

Question 38

chloroplast

Answer 38

capture energy from sunlight during photosynthesis

Question 39

metabolism

Answer 39

cell's capacity to acquire energy and use this energy to build, break apart, store and release substances

Question 40

energy

Answer 40

capacity to make things happen; to do work

Question 41

ATP

Answer 41

adenosine triphosphate | usable source of energy to body

Question 42

equilibrium

Answer 42

when system is in balance

Question 43

entropy

Answer 43

measure of degree of system's disorder

Question 44

1st law of Thermodynamics

Answer 44

total amount of energy in Universe is constant | more energy cannot be destroyed, can only converted from 1 form to another

Question 45

2nd law of Thermodynamics

Answer 45

no energy conversion is 100% efficient | at each trophic level, only 1-2% obtained

Question 46

diffusion

Answer 46

movement from more concentrated area to less concentrated area

Question 47

tonicity

Answer 47

relative concentration of 2 solutions

Question 48

isotonic

Answer 48

concentration of 2 solutions is same

Question 49

osmosis

Answer 49

movement of molecules from less concentrated area of solution to more concentrated area of solution through semi-permeable membrane

Question 50

plasmolysis

Answer 50

not able to retain (loses water)

Question 51

aerobic

Answer 51

with oxygen

Question 52

anaerobic

Answer 52

without oxygen

Question 53

aerobic respiration

Answer 53

36 ATP molecules are formed

Question 54

anaerobic respiration

Answer 54

2 ATP molecules are formed