Test 3 (Language) Flashcards
(31 cards)
what is language?
communication in concrete and abstract language
what is morphology
forms of words
what is syntax
how words function in a sentence
phones vs. phonemes
phones are vowels and consonants and phonemes are blocks of sound in a particular language
STUDY: babies with 3-syllable language
able to detect what was and wasn’t part of original stream (show’s language isn’t innate)
how do we produce speech?
air pushed from lungs into vocal cavity, vibrates vocal folds (speed determine’s pitch), air follows out vocal tract to produce words
how do we id vowels?
frequency ratio between first and second formant (peak in amp)
STUDY: Japanese vs. English
Japanese speakers can’t tell “ra” from “la” bc not separate phoneme in language whereas in English it is
mcGurk effect
shows how context can effect meaning, based on visual cues, makes it seem like he’s saying different words
lexical access
matching auditory input to what is known (phonological loop) of stored language information
Cohort model of language comprehension
- search of lexical processes (LSTG, LMTG, LIFG)
- semantic competition processes (MTG, LAG, IFG)
- UP is made clear (angular gyrus, RMTG)
Levelt’s model of speech production
organize lexicon into lexical networks (sounds, words, concepts) and pick based on semantic cluster matching
STUDY: object naming
showed association in different areas of the temporal lobe based on categories of words (ex. animals, tools, persons)
timeline of language acquisiton
6 months (language-specific speech perception)
10 months (language-specific speech production)
*production lags perception
STUDY: perceptual magnet
babies more familiar with phonemes more associated with their langauges and perceive similar sounds as the same phoneme (ability to perceive depends on exposure when young)
critical period of language learning
if don’t learn language in this period, can’t in the future
- GENIE was isolated until 13 y/o
STUDY: monkey vocabulary
some evidence of other animals having a vocabulary, monkeys can denote if danger from above or from the ground
STUDY: male songbirds
evidence establish “own song” to court females, but once learned, doesn’t change
STUDY: do monkey’s understand symbols?
monkeys could repeat symbol patterns, but couldn’t form own sentences (memorization or language learning? unclear)
Broca’s area
important for speech production
REGION: IFG, anterior to premotor areas
LESION DEFICITS: produce short utterances, disordered grammar and syntax
LESION FUNCTIONS: comprehension intact, can read and limited writing
Wernicke’s area
for speech comprehension
REGION: STG, posterior to auditory cortex
LESION DEFICITS: nonsense speech, unable to comprehend reading/ writing
LESION FUNCTIONS: intact grammar and syntax
STUDY: fMRI regions activated while listening to voices you know
FFA activity
* think about inferior stream of social cognition for facial id
dual stream language network
(model of cortical regions in language processing)
1. early acoustic analysis is bilaterally processed
2. dorsal stream for speech production
- (IFG, broca’s area)
- sensorimotor areas
2. ventral stream for speech comprehension
- (SFG, wernicke’s area)
- lexical interface
language comprehension network
(model of language comprehension and production)
1. bottom-up processing
- detection and processing of language (context processing)
2. top-down processing
- analysis of semantic relations (between areas)
