Test 5 Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Fungi O2 Recs:
A
facultative anaerobe, anaerobic
2
Q
pseudohyphae
A
occur when a yeast is growing very rapidly; looks like a chain
3
Q
Hyphae-Mycelium
A
septate, coenocytic-no crosswalls or cell separation-multinucleated, vegetative, reproductive- responsible for spore production
4
Q
Fungi asexual spores
A
Sporangiospores, Conidia
5
Q
Fungi sexual spores
A
Zygospores, Ascospores, Basidiospores
6
Q
Fungi that produce sexual and asexual spores
A
Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota
7
Q
Fungi that produce only sexual spores
A
Deuteromycota
8
Q
Zygomycota
A
Sex: zygospores; asex: sporangiospores and some conidia; mostly free-living molds
9
Q
Ascomycota
A
Sex: Ascospores; asex: Conidia; molds and yeasts; contains many pathogens
10
Q
Basidiomycota
A
sex: Basidiospores; asex: Conidia; mushrooms, yeasts and molds
11
Q
Deuteromycota
A
sex: conidia; yeasts and mold; several dimorphic, several human pathogens
12
Q
Indirect Detrimental Affects of Fungi on Humans
A
crop destruction, food spoilage
13
Q
Direct Detrimental Affects of Fungi on Humans
A
toxins, mycoses
14
Q
Fungi toxins
A
Ergots and aflatoxins; Primary molds, some mushies; neurotoxins
15
Q
Cutaneous and Superficial mycoses
A
CA: dermatophytes
16
Q
Mycoses: Tineas names
A
Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton spp
17
Q
Mycoses: Tineas transmission and treatment
A
Trans: direct or indirect contact;
treat: topical anti-fungal agents or the drug griseofulvin (bad for liver and kidneys)
18
Q
Head or scalp Tinea
A
capitis
19
Q
face or beard Tinea
A
barbae
20
Q
trunk of body Tinea
A
corporis
21
Q
groin Tinea
A
cruris
22
Q
foot Tinea
A
pedis
23
Q
hand Tinea
A
manum
24
Q
nails and nail bed Tinea
A
unguium
25
dermis Tinea
versicolor Malassezia furfur
26
Fungus pneumonias
pneumocystic Pneumocystis (carnii) jiroveci, Histoplasmosis Histoplasma capsulatum
27
pneumocystic Pneumocystis (carnii) jiroveci transmission and treatment
trans: droplet;
treat: drug combo trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole opportunistic and seen in AIDS patients
28
Histoplasmosis Histoplasma capsulatum transmission and treatment
trans: endemic to all areas except Australia (so direct contact)
treat: amphotericin B
29
Fungal Vaginitis
Candida albicans; dimorphic; curd-like colonies that produce a white vaginal discharge
30
Candida albicans transmission and treatment
trans: contact and sexual transmission
treat: metronidazole
31
Protozoan cell structures
anal pore, oral groove, pellicle, cytostome, contractile vacuole
32
Protozoan anal pore
Merges with membrane and ejects waste
33
Protozoan oral groove
Directs food particles into an invagination in the membrane (cytostome)
34
Protozoan pellicle
Reinforced cell membrane
35
Protozoan cytostome
Mouth; closes off and makes a food vacuole
36
Protozoan contractile vacuole
Pulls water out of the cell and pumps it out to keep the cell from exploding
37
Protozoan motility
all are motile at some point in their life; flagella, cilia, cytoplasmic streaming
38
Protozoan feeding methods
phagocytosis, endocytosis, pinocytosis (cytostome)
39
Protozoan asexual reproduction
fission, schizogony, budding
40
schizogony
multiple split version of fission
41
Protozoan sexual reproduction
ciliate conjugation: Uses a modified cilia and transfers a gamete nuclii
42
Protozoan Trophozoites
vegetative normal state, motile
43
Protozoan Cysts
inactive normal state, Not dormant, still metabolizes and can reproduce, More protective
44
Parasitic Protozoan Life Cycles
Entamoeba
Trypanosome
Giardia
45
Protozoan Motility Classification
Mastigophora, Ciliophora, Sarcodina, Apicomplexa
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Mastigophora motility
motile by flagella
47
Ciliophora motility
motile by cilia
48
Sarcodina motility
motile by cytoplasmic streaming (the amoebas)
49
Apicomplexa motility
varied motility
50
Mastigophora Protozoa
trypanosoma, giarda, trichomonas, leishmania
51
Trypanosoma diseases and CA, MOT
Chagas Disease: CA: Trypanosoma cruzi
MOT: mechanical vector: kissing bug
African Sleeping Sickness: CA: Trypanosoma brucei
MOT: vector: Tsetse fly
52
Giardia disease and CA, MOT
giardiasis
CA: Giardia lamblia (Giardia intestinalis)
MOT: fecal/oral
53
Trichomonas disease and CA, MOT
Trichomoniasis STD/STI
CA: Trichomonas vaginalis
MOT: sexual contact
54
Leishmania disease and CA, MOT
Leishmaniasis
CA: Leishmania spp. (spp. = species)
MOT: vector: Sand fly
55
Ciliaphora Protozoa
Balantidium
56
Balantidium disease and CA, MOT
Dysentery
CA: Balantidium coli
MOT: fecal/oral
57
Sarcodina Protozoa
Entamoeba, Acanthamoeba
58
Entamoeba disease and CA, MOT
Amoebic Dysentery
CA: Entamoeba hystolytica
MOT: fecal/oral
59
Acanthamoeba disease and CA, MOT
Meningoencephalitis
CA: Acanthamoeba spp. (Or Naegleria fowelri, more common in the south)
MOT: enters nasal passages while swimming
60
Apicomplexa Protozoa
plasmodium, toxoplasma, cryptosporidium, cyclospora
61
Plasmodium disease and CA, MOT
Malaria
CA: P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. malariae
MOT: mosquito
62
Malaria life cycle
Mos. Salivary glands -> bite -> blood stream -> liver -> invades liver cells -> changes form + reproduces -> bursts out of liver cells ->
blood stream -> invades RBC -> changes form + reproduce -> blood stream-> repeat indefinitely
----> bite -> mos. Gut -> invade lining of gut -> change form + reproduce -> migrate to salivary glands -> repeat indefinitely
63
Toxoplasma disease and CA, MOT
Toxoplasmosis
CA: Toxoplasma gordii
MOT: pseudocysts in meats, oocysts from cat feces
64
Cryptosporidium disease and CA, MOT
Cryptosporidiosis
CA: Cryptosporidium parvum
MOT: fecal/oral
65
Cyclospora disease and CA, MOT
Cyclosporiasis
CA: C. cayetanensis
MOT: f/o
66
Helminth nervous system adaptation
some have a reduced nervous system because of host environment
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Helminth digestive system adaptations
high variation of adaptations; some have partial systems from gaining nutrient from host
68
Helminth motility
most are motile, but some aren't as adults, like tapeworms
69
Helminth reproduction
separate sexes and hermaphrodites; large amount of eggs are produced
70
Helminth hermaphrodite
monoecious
71
Helminth seperate sexes
diecious
72
Helminth advantages of multiple host species for stages
Lack of competition between stages; Not being dependent on a single host species for survival
73
Helminth intermediate host
houses larval stages
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Helminth definitive host
houses adult/reproductive stage
75
Flat worm phylum
Platyhelminthes
76
Platyhelminthes: Cestode characteristics
Non-motile, no digestive system, May have suckers or hooks on it; anchors to wall of host, monecious
77
Platyhelminthes: Trematode characteristics
Complete or incomplete digestive sys; motile; most are dioecious, can be monecious
78
Platyhelminthes: Cestode Infections
Pork, Beef, Fish, Dwarf tapeworms
79
Pork Tapeworm
Taenea solium; Ingests cyst in pork; Large
80
Beef Tapeworm
Taenea saginata
81
Fish Tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum
MOT: ingest from fish
Can develop anemia if large enough
82
Dwarf Tapeworm
Hymenolepis spp.
MOT: ingesting their eggs
Very small; Normal definitive are small mammals; Humans not intentional host, but they can survive
83
Trematode Infections
Blood Flukes, Liver Flukes
84
Blood Flukes
Schistosomiasis
CA: Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosome japonicum
MOT: larva burrow into the skin while swimming
dioecious
85
Liver Flukes
Opisthorchis sinensis, Clonorchis sinensis
MOT: ingest in freshwater fish
86
Round Worm Phylum
Aschelminthes (nematode)
87
Aschelminthe (nematode) Characteristics
motile; dioecious
88
Nematode Infections
pinworm, ascariasis, guinea worm, river blindness, hookworm, threadworm, whipworm, trichinosis, lymphatic filariasis
89
Pinworm
Enterobius vermicularis
MOT: f/o
90
Ascariasis
CA: Ascaris lumbericoides
MOT: f/o
Most common worldwide; Fairly large, around a foot long
91
Guinea Worm
Dracunculus medinensis
MOT: ingesting contaminated water
92
River Blindness
Onchocerca volulus
MOT: bite of a black fly
Larvae migrate throughout the body
93
Hookworm
Necator americanus, Ancyclostoma duodenale
MOT: larva invades the skin from the soil
Have teeth-like structures to attach to or destroy tissue
94
Threadworm
Stronggloides stercoralis
MOT: larva invades skin from soil
Will stay in liver, outer part of organs, digestive tract
95
Whipworm
Trichuris trichuria
MOT: f/o
Will burrow into wall of intestine, then lumen of intestine
96
Trichinosis
Trichinella spp.
MOT: ingest cyst in pork
Can go everywhere in body and cause many problems
More prevalent in US and UK than Africa, Asia
97
Lymphatic Filariasis
Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi
MOT: mosquitos
Can get into and clog lymph system; Can cause elephantiasis; microscopic as adultsz
98
Ascaris Life cycle
Invest eggs -> gi tract -> circulatory/lymphatic -> heart -> lungs -> mature -> trachea -> pharynx -> swallowed back into gi tract
