Test 5

Question 0

The ratio of x-rays incident on the input phosphor to light photons exiting the output phosphor is called flux gain

Answer 0

.

Question 1

• The brightness gain is the product of the minification gain and the flux gain

Answer 1

.

Question 2

The capability of an image intensifier to increase the illumination level of the image is called its brightness gain

Answer 2

.

Question 3

Television monitoring allows brightness and contrast to be controlled electronically

Answer 3

.

Question 4

Automatic brightness control (ABC) maintains the brightness of the image by varying kVp and mA

Answer 4

.

Question 5

An image intensifier tube is identified by the diameter of its input phosphor

Answer 5

.

Question 6

The input phosphor converts x-rays to light.

Answer 6

.

Question 7

Automatic brightness control (ABC) maintains the brightness of the image by varying kVp and mA.

Answer 7

.

Question 8

The output phosphor or crystal of the image intensifier is composed zinc cadmium sulfide.

Answer 8

.

Question 9

Flouroscopic machines are usually equipped with a timer and an alarm that are set to sound after 5 minutes.

Answer 9

.

Question 10

The person who is credited for the invention of the fluoroscope machine was Thomas Edison.

Answer 10

.

Question 11

The small bowel follow through study is completed when the contrast reaches the Ileocecal valve.

Answer 11

.

Question 12

Barium Enemas and Upper GI’s can be done with both single and double contrast.

Answer 12

.

Question 13

The patient should drink plenty of water after any fluoroscopic procedure involving contrast

Answer 13

.

Question 14

Fluoroscopy uses high kVp and low mAs

Answer 14

.

Question 15

Automatic brightness control (ABC) maintains the brightness of the image by varying kVp and mA

Answer 15

.

Question 16

The milliamperage used during fluoroscopy is 5 mA

Answer 16

.

Question 17

The photocathode in the image intensifier emits electrons when it is stimulated by light photons

Answer 17

.

Question 18

The number of light photons emitted within the image intensifier is directly proportional to the amount of x-ray photons exiting the patient

Answer 18

.

Question 19

Light produced at the output phosphor of the image intensifier has been increased 50 -75 times in intensity

Answer 19

.

Question 20

Electrons hit the output phosphor after exiting the anode

Answer 20

.

Question 21

Fluoroscopy was developed so that radiologists could view dynamic images.

Answer 21

.

Question 22

The image intensifier improved fluoroscopy by increasing image brightness.

Answer 22

.

Question 23

X-rays that exit the patient and enter the image intensifier first interact with the input phosphor.

Answer 23

.

Question 24

Viewing the fluoroscopic image in magnification mode increases contrast resolution, spatial resolution, and patient dose.

Answer 24

.

Question 25

The TV camera allowed the radiologist to view the images without being in the primary beam.

Answer 25

.

Question 26

Viewing the fluoroscopic image in magnification mode increases contrast resolution, spatial resolution , and patient dose

Answer 26

.

Question 27

Image intensified fluoroscopy is performed at illumination levels similar to radiograph viewing

Answer 27

.

Question 28

The rods in the retina are stimulated by low light; the cones are stimulated by bright light

Answer 28

.

Question 29

The ability of the eye to detect differences in brightness levels is termed contrast perception

Answer 29

.

Question 30

The Half-life (T) of a radionuclide is described as the time it takes for the radionuclide to decay to half its original activity

Answer 30

.

Question 31

Xenon-133 lung ventilation/perfusion scan is used to evaluate pulmonary emboli

Answer 31

.

Question 32

The Nuclear Medicine test that helps diagnose Graves disease (plummer disease) due to an increased uptake of 123 Iodine is a thyroid scan

Answer 32

.

Question 33

Scintillation detectors or gamma cameras use crystals that change radioactive emissions into light photons

Answer 33

.

Question 34

The most common radionuclide used in nuclear medicine is technetium (99mTc)

Answer 34

.

Question 35

Collimators are used in nuclear medicine to keep scattered rays from entering the camera

Answer 35

.

Question 36

PET scans are primarily used to diagnose, stage, or restage cancer

Answer 36

.

Question 37

PET scanning is an examination that can look at a patient's physiology

Answer 37

.

Question 38

The most common device used to produce nuclides for NM scanning is the compact medical cyclotron

Answer 38

.

Question 39

One of the major benefits of fusion imaging with PET and CT is metabolic and anatomical evaluation is easier

Answer 39

.

Question 40

Naturally occurring radionuclides are not used for nuclear medicine imaging because there is a high patient dose from natural radionuclides

Answer 40

.

Question 41

Effective half-life longer than the examination time, suitable chemical forms for rapid localization , and primary photon energy between 100 and 400 keV are all desirable properties of NM radiopharmaceuticals

Answer 41

.

Question 42

The radiotracer for PET scanning is chosen for its similarity to naturally occurring biochemicals

Answer 42

.

Question 43

A typical gamma camera detector head contains 80 to 100 PMTs

Answer 43

.

Question 44

A pixel is a single square, or picture element in the image display matrix

Answer 44

.

Question 45

FOV determines the amount of data displayed on the monitor

Answer 45

.

Question 46

A volume element is called a voxel

Answer 46

.

Question 47

A relative comparison of xray attenuation of a voxel of tissue to an equal volume of water is a CT number

Answer 47

.

Question 48

The CT number of water is 0

Answer 48

.

Question 49

The major system components of a CT scanner are Gantry, computer and operators console, and patient table

Answer 49

.

Question 50

A Gantry is a circular device that houses the X-ray tube, DAS, and detector array

Answer 50

.

Question 51

X-ray tubes used in advanced CT scanners can tolerate 4-5 MHU

Answer 51

.

Question 52

Slice thickness, table index, and RADIOGRAPHIC factors can be selected at the operators console

Answer 52

.

Question 53

The range of CT numbers that are used to map signals into shades of gray is called the window width

Answer 53

.

Question 54

The midpoint of the range of gray levels to be displayed on the monitor is the window level

Answer 54

.

Question 55

A narrow window width would display high contrast

Answer 55

.

Question 56

The window level should be set to the CT number of the tissue of interest

Answer 56

.

Question 57

CT is the examination of choice for head trauma

Answer 57

.

Question 58

The amount of blurring in a CT image is termed spatial resolution

Answer 58

.

Question 59

The ability to differentiate between small differences in density within the CT image is called contrast resolution

Answer 59

.

Question 60

The most significant geometric factor that contributes to spatial resolution is detector aperture width

Answer 60

.

Question 61

Random variation in photon detection results in quantum noise

Answer 61

.

Question 62

Detector aperture width, matrix size, and patient size all contribute to image noise in CT

Answer 62

.

Question 63

Metallic objects such as dental fillings can cause artifacts

Answer 63

.

Question 64

High resolution CT scans are made using thinner sections or slices

Answer 64

.

Question 65

Contrast resolution and noise are affected by xray beam energy

Answer 65

.

Question 66

Spatial resolution is affected by focal spot size

Answer 66

.

Question 67

Tissue density differences of less than 0.5% can be distinguished by CT

Answer 67

.

Question 68

Reconstruction algorithm effects all of the image factors except for artifacts

Answer 68

.

Question 69

The image that appears on the monitor depends on the scan diameter

Answer 69

.

Question 70

Dynamic scanning is based on the principle that different structures enhance at different rates after contrast administration

Answer 70

.

Question 71

Spiral or helical CT involves continuous gantry rotations combined with constant table movement through the aperture

Answer 71

.

Question 72

Maximum intensity projection is a 3-D imaging technique commonly used for CTA

Answer 72

.

Question 73

Segmentation is not a method got 3-D reconstruction

Answer 73

.

Question 74

Most CT systems require preventative maintenance weekly to biweekly to ensure proper operation

Answer 74

.

Question 75

Field of view does not affect radiation dose in CT

Answer 75

.

Question 76

The anatomic scan range for a basic head CT is from the base of skull to the vertex of head

Answer 76

.

Question 77

The anatomic scan range for a CT of the c-spine is occipital condyles to below T2

Answer 77

.

Question 78

The typical scan slice thickness for a CT of the abdomen is 1.5mm

Answer 78

.