Test 5: Exam Edge

Question 1

The bones in the body are arranged into how many main divisions?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

What connects the lower limb to the axial skeleton?

Answer 2

Pelvic girdle

Question 3

What does a diagnosis of osteopenia indicate?

Answer 3

Low bone density

Question 4

There are how many factors that are related to whether a bone will break or not from a fall?

Answer 4

3

Question 5

T or F: Throat cancer is not a side effect of bisphosphates.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What is an important part of daily life to prevent osteoporosis?

Answer 6

Exercise

Question 7

The ribcage is created by what?

Answer 7

Sternum & Ribs

Question 8

Calcitonin does what?

Answer 8

Increases bone mass moderately

Question 9

What compares standard deviations from different types of data and represents precision?

Answer 9

Percent of coefficient of variation

Question 10

How many metacarpals are in each upper limb?

Answer 10

5

Question 11

VFAs can detect what?

Answer 11

Bone fractures only

Question 12

One technique for bone densitometry studies, DXA, involves the use of:

Answer 12

Ionizing radiation

Question 13

Why is fall prevention important for people with osteoporosis?

Answer 13

Because their bones are weaker and more fragile

Question 14

The hardware of a bone densitometry system includes:

Answer 14

A central processing unit

Question 15

At a person’s peak BMD. What will occur?

Answer 15

Bone building rate will decrease

Question 16

Source of precision errors are attributed to operator and:

Answer 16

Patient characteristics

Question 17

What is a pharmacological risk factor that may contribute to secondary osteoporosis?

Answer 17

Heparin (blood thinner) (Effects bone formation and resorption)

Question 18

What is considered a function of the skeletal system?

Answer 18

Make red blood cells

Question 19

The lower arm bones form the wrist joint with what?

Answer 19

Carpals

Question 20

What does WHO stand for?

Answer 20

World Health Organization

Question 21

Calcitonin is found where?

Answer 21

In the thyroid

Question 22

Another name for Type 1 osteoporosis is:

Answer 22

Postmenopausal osteoporosis

Question 23

The WHO’s bone density criteria for a normal diagnosis not indicative of osteoporosis is:

Answer 23

No more than 1 standard deviation below the average young adult peak bone density

Question 24

What score is considered a comparison for a person’s bone density to the average bone density of individuals that are the same age as well as gender?

Answer 24

Z-score

Question 25

When is a discharge summary created?

Answer 25

At the conclusion of a hospital stay or after treatment

Question 26

What type of calibration takes the shortest amount of time?

Answer 26

Internal calibration

Question 27

DXA uses what levels of radiation?

Answer 27

Low dose radiation

Question 28

T or F: DXA systems assess skeletal changes that have occurred because of age.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What is classified as a disadvantage of a fan beam?

Answer 29

Mass calculations can have slight systematic error

Question 30

What does collimation do?

Answer 30

Restricts radiation to only the area being examined

Question 31

DXA assess what?

Answer 31

Skeletal changes due to age

Question 32

What gains multiple images?

Answer 32

Narrow angle fan beam

Question 33

T or F: In regards to fan beams, mass calculations can have systematic errors.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

T or F: A narrow beam is slower than the fan beam.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What type of DXA scanning device measures bone density in the heels?

Answer 35

Peripheral scanning device

Question 36

Why is beam collimation used?

Answer 36

To protect the patient

Question 37

What occurs in external quality control?

Answer 37

A separate facility is given samples and asked to process them as they would their own and are then checked by a main facility

Question 38

Where does the source of the fan beam, fan out?

Answer 38

On the patient, in the short axis plane

Question 39

What is collimated in the pencil beam?

Answer 39

One photon source and one detector

Question 40

ALARA is _________ for radiation safety programs.

Answer 40

A regulatory requirement

Question 41

T or F: ALARA is a regulatory requirement for a radiation safety programs.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What can be found inside the intervertebral disc?

Answer 42

Nucleus

Question 43

How many pairs of intervertebral foramina are there in the lumbar spine?

Answer 43

5

Question 44

Scoliosis causes what?

Answer 44

An abnormal lateral curve in the spine

Question 45

What score revealed by a DXA scan of the lumbar spine means the patient has osteopenia?

Answer 45

T-score between -2.5 and -1

Question 46

The lumbar spine is located where the spine does what?

Answer 46

Curves inward

Question 47

Each vertebrae consists is of what?

Answer 47

Body, Vertebral arch, and Processes for muscle attachment

Question 48

Intervertebral discs do what?

Answer 48

Act as a shock absorber for the human spine

Question 49

Which of the following is not a type of vertebrae? (Tibia, Thoracic, Sacrum, Lumbar)

Answer 49

Tibia

Question 50

The lumbar spine is built to help the body do what? (Lift, Twist, or Bend)

Answer 50

All of the above

Question 51

A Z-score of 0.84 is related to what percentile?

Answer 51

80th percentile

Question 52

The epiphyseal ring is found where?

Answer 52

In an adult vertebrae

Question 53

What is a bony landmark?

Answer 53

An area on the skin, where the bone beneath is close to the surface as well as easily palpable

Question 54

T or F: The spinal cord does not travel through the lumbar spine.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

A Z-score of -1.04 is related to what percentile?

Answer 55

15th percentile

Question 56

The trochlear notch is also known as what?

Answer 56

Semilunar notch

Question 57

T or F: The non-dominate forearm is typically used for DXA scans unless the other arm is specifically needed.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

After having a DXA scan of the forearm the patient’s T-score is -2.6 plus fragility fractures What is the correct diagnosis?

Answer 58

Severe osteoporosis

Question 59

The trochlear notch from the forearm and upper arm create what?

Answer 59

Elbow joint

Question 60

The trochlear notch meets with the humerus trochlea to create what?

Answer 60

Elbow joint

Question 61

Prior to a DXA scan of the forearm, a patient should:

Answer 61

Not take calcium supplements for at least 24 hours prior to an exam

Question 62

For a DXA forearm scan, the patient will feel what?

Answer 62

Nothing at all

Question 63

Which forearm bone is the outer of the bones when the arm is viewed palm facing up?

Answer 63

Radius

Question 64

The upper part of the radius shaft has a rough projection known as what?

Answer 64

Radial tuberosity

Question 65

What process is/are associated with the forearm?

Answer 65

Styloid & Coronoid process

Question 66

T or F: The entire human body’s weight is supported by the femur.

Answer 66

True

Question 67

The femur is considered what? (Heaviest, Strongest, Longest)

Answer 67

All of the above

Question 68

What does ACL stand for?

Answer 68

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Question 69

Which of the following is a type of arthritis that can affect how patients are positioned for DXA femur scans? (Psoriatic, Rheumatoid, Osteoarthritis)

Answer 69

All of the above

Question 70

When scanning the proximal femur, the central ray should be placed 7-8cm under the ____________.

Answer 70

Greater trochanter

Question 71

The head of the femur forms what type of joint?

Answer 71

Ball & socket joint

Question 72

The medullary layer of the femur contains what?

Answer 72

Bone marrow

Question 73

T or F: The medullary cavity is considered the central cavity of the bone’s shaft.

Answer 73

True

Question 74

The greater trochanter is associated with what?

Answer 74

Rough and bony projection