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DEXA > Test 8: Exam Edge > Flashcards

Test 8: Exam Edge Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Which of the following is not a type of osteoporosis? (Primary, Secondary, Idiopathic juvenile, Conjunctive)

A

Conjunctive

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2
Q

Which region of the spine is most often measured for bone mineral density?

A

L1–L4

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3
Q

The vertebral column is found in what main bone division of the body?

A

Axial skeleton

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4
Q

T or F: Current treatments available for osteoporosis are helpful but not complete cures.

A

True

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5
Q

During a fall, try to fall how?

A

Onto the buttocks

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6
Q

What is the T-score range for an individual to be considered to have osteopenia?

A

T-score between -2.5 and -1

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7
Q

Z-scores help with what?

A

Diagnoses secondary osteoporosis

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8
Q

What legislation includes privacy and security?

A

HIPAA

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9
Q

Which of the following is not a symptom of osteoporosis? (Bone fractures, Stooped posture, Thicker bone mass, Back pain)

A

Thicker bone mass

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10
Q

Which of the following is an important lifestyle change to prevent osteoporosis? (Limit alcohol limit, Stop smoking, Stop eating unhealthy)

A

All of the above

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11
Q

What is an osteoblasts?

A

Cells

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12
Q

T or F: Using a cane with a new rubber tip can decrease the risk of a fall.

A

True

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13
Q

What supports the nose?

A

Facial bones

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14
Q

What supports the eyes?

A

Facial bones

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15
Q

Second generation bone densitometry equipment uses what type of geometry?

A

Fan beam

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16
Q

The calibration wheel of the DXA’s energy-switching has what?

A

Air gap

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17
Q

The DEXA scan’s radiation dose is lower in comparison to other imaging studies. Also, radiation dose exposure can be attributed to environmental sources. What is the effective dose of daily natural background radiation, an environmental source?

A

5-8 msg

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18
Q

Cortical bone is characterized by what?

A

Dense bone

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19
Q

The Surgeon General’s Report on Bone Health & Osteoporosis includes daily recommendations for calcium intake. Which of the following best represents the daily calcium intake for a 0-6 month old? (210mg, 800mg, 1,200mg, 1,300mg)

A

210mg of calcium

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20
Q

The procedures for quality control in densitometry were based on:

A

Analytical chemistry

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21
Q

The trabecular bone is one of the two types of bones in the body and is NOT responsible for what?

A

Supporting weight

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22
Q

What degenerative changes may erroneously increase the patient’s bone mineral density values during a lumbar spine DEXA scan?

A

Osteophytosis

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23
Q

FRAX was developed by whom?

A

WHO (World Health Organization)

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24
Q

Which of the following is a side effect of calcitonin? (Back pain, Headaches, Vomiting)

A

All of the above

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25
What type of catheter is also referred to as a urethral catheter?
In dwelling catheter
26
T or F: DXA scanning is recommended for people who smoke.
True
27
Pencil beams use:
A single beam
28
T or F: Each beam in a DXA scanner creates a different energy level.
True
29
Which statement is true for narrow angle fan beam? (100%, Good, Poor, Zero precision)
It has good precision
30
A fan beam has which of the following? (Maximum, Minimal, No image distortion, The same image distortion as a pencil beam)
Minimal image distortion
31
AEC’s measure what?
The radiation incident
32
What are Single Photon Absorptiometry used for?
Peripheral skeletal sites
33
T or F: Each layer of the K-edge filter has the ability to absorb from the prior layer.
True
34
What do quality control programs do?
Provide quality assurance for x-ray facilities
35
What type of DEXA scanning device measures bone density in the fingers?
Peripheral scanning device
36
A fan beam uses which of the following? (No detectors, Half detectors, Single detectors, Multiple detectors)
Multiple detectors
37
A Thoreaus filter is a type of what?
K-edge filter
38
First generation bone densitometry uses what type of beam?
Pencil beam
39
T or F: The narrow angle fan beam scans are done quickly.
True
40
How does the fan beam DXA move?
Detectors are moved across the measurement region only
41
What is the goal of ALARA?
When all parties involved are protected
42
A healthy intervertebral disc is filled with what?
Filled with water & is cushiony
43
T or F: During a DXA scan of the lumbar spine the patient must remain as still as possible during the scan.
True
44
What does the lumbar region support the weight of?
The body’s whole torso
45
T or F: There is a risk of radiation exposure during a DXA lumbar spine scan.
True
46
T or F: Lumbar vertebrae do NOT have a rib facet.
True
47
What score revealed by a DXA scan of the lumbar spine means the patient has osteoporosis?
T-score of below -2.5
48
The average age used for T-score is what?
30
49
What is the equation to find BMD?
Expected BMD + (Z-score x Standard Deviation)
50
For a DXA scan of the lumbar spine, the patient will have his/her upper body positioned how?
Flat on the table
51
What part of the lumbar vertebrae is meant to protect neural elements?
Vertebral arch
52
The outer ring of the intervertebral disc is known as what?
Annulus
53
How does the lumbar spine curve?
Inward
54
The images acquired in a DXA scan of the lumbar spine will be used to check the patient’s:
Bone mineral content
55
T or F: The radius is the outer bone of the forearm bones.
True
56
What should a forearm not be chosen for scanning?
History of wrist fracture
57
What muscle does not connect with the ulna bone?
Brachioradialis
58
When reviewing the image as it is scanned, where should the forearm be seen?
Center
59
When positioning the patient for a DXA scan of the forearm, the patient should be positioned how?
The forearm should be centered in the field
60
In a forearm DXA scan, the patient is positioned to have the elbow _______.
Flexed
61
A premenopausal woman has a Z-score below -2.0. What does this indicate?
Lower bone density levels than expected
62
Where is the trochlear notch found?
Proximal end of the ulna
63
When the elbow is bent, what is the ears that can be felt as the point called?
Olecranon
64
The side surface of the radius head articulates with what?
Ulna
65
The forearm is what portion of the arm?
Lower arm
66
What occurs when a portion of the patient’s ischium falls under the femoral neck?
Elevated femoral neck BMD that is false
67
A GE Lunar machine is being used. What should not be seen in the scanned area?
Air
68
What layer of bone in the femur feels no pain?
Compact bone
69
What layer of the femur is thin, has a whitish skin, and has nerves and blood vessels?
Periosteum
70
How many bones are found in the thigh?
1
71
The femur can move how?
In almost any direction at the hip
72
The hip joint is formed with what?
Femur and the os coxa
73
What occurs in the image when there is excessive rotation of the femur?
Lesser trochanter cannot be seen
74
What is used to position the patient’s head when the sponge will not work?
Pillow

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