test one Flashcards
(164 cards)
1
Q
w what are two criterias for succesful weed control
A
must come in contact
must reach living cellular site
2
Q
how domost soil applied herbicides move into the plant
A
disolved in water solutoin
3
Q
what are three plant structures that take up soil applied herbicides
A
germinated seeds
roots
emerging shoots
4
Q
in weed science why is emerging shoot known as defenclise tissue
A
no endosperm
little to no cutical
5
Q
what three soil characteristics that influence herbiside absorptoin into the soil
A
soil texture
soil organic matter
soil ph
6
Q
what is ligand exchange
A
molicule bonded to a centeral atom ex glyphosate
7
Q
with foliar applied herbiced weed control would be unsatisfactory if 2
A
insufficient herbicider
retentoin time to short ex rain
8
Q
what five factors efect uptake of foliar herbiside
A
abitliy to go through cutical
leaf area
leaf oreintatoin
amount retained
hairs on leaf surface
9
Q
leaves with greater epicuticaler wax 2
A
reduced spread
reduced absorbtoin
10
Q
oil or water soluble herbisides cross cutical more easy
A
oil
11
Q
herbicide translocatoin takes place through the 2
A
xylum
ploem
12
Q
herbiside movment in the plant often transports with
A
water and nutrients
carbohydrates
13
Q
what are two broad classifactaotins of herbisides
A
contact
systemic
14
Q
what are two types of systemic herbisides
A
apoplasticaly
symplasticaly
15
Q
apoplasticaly translocated herbicides move in the
A
xylum
16
Q
what directoin do apoplasticaly herbicides move in
A
up
17
Q
what stuctures to symplastically translocated move in
A
ploem
18
Q
what diectoin do symplasticaly translocated herbicides move in
A
up and down
19
Q
WHICH leaVES are affected first whith appoplastic translocatoin
A
old leaves
20
Q
symplasticaly herbicides provide good control of 3
A
anual
bianual
perenial
21
Q
why does symplasticaly herbicides provide poor control of quackgrass in hot dry summer months
A
dormant so reduced translocatoin
22
Q
what are the seven modes of actoin
A
pigment inhibitors
lipid synthesis inhibitors
amino acid chain inhibitors
photosynthesis inhibitor
growth disruptor
sythetic oxens
cell membrain disruptor
23
Q
define herbicide mode of actoin
A
the sequence of events that occur from the initial herbicide contact to the final effect usually death
24
Q
two types of amini acid synthesisors
A
aromatic amino synthesis
inhibitor of branched chain
25
two types of cell growth disruptors
microtubial polymerizatoin inhibitor
long chain fatty acid inhibitor
26
two types of cell membrane disruptors
photosynthesis involved
photosynthsis not involved
27
what is the active ingredient of aromatic synthesis inhibitor
glyphosate
28
when is glyphosate applied in respect to weeds
POST
29
in laymans terms what is the mode of action of synthetic auxins
turns genes on that are usually off
30
when are synthetic auxins applied
POST
31
what weeds do cell growth disruptors and inhibitors primarly control 1
annual grasses
32
what are two effects of microtubule polymerization inhibitors
stops cell divisoin
interfere with cell wall formatoin
33
in laymens terms what is the mode of actoin of photosynthesis inhibitors
inhibite electron transport
34
where do the photosynthesis inhibitors act in the plant
chloroplast
35
what weeds do photosynthis control
broadleaf plants
36
what symptoms from photosynthesis inhibitors
chlorosis loss of greeen
dissasosiatoin of leaf tissue
37
what pigments do not develop after the applicatoin of pigment inhibitors
carotenoid pigment
38
primary injury of pigment inhibitrs
white bleaching
39
how are lipid synthesizers translocated 2
symplistically
apoplastic
40
in cell membrane disruptors what couses cell membrane breakdown
free radicals
41
what weeds do lipid synthesis inhibitors
annual perenial grasses
42
what is a selective herbiside
killls select weeds but does not efect the desired crop
43
what are nine metheds of selectivity with herbicides
genetic tolerance
insertoin of a resistent gene
different metabolism
aditoin of a softener
different translocatoin
diff adsorbtoin
diff sensitivity
depth
interceptoin
44
tolerance of a crop to a herbicide due to a insertian of a transgene which are refered to ass 2
herbiside resistant crop
genetically modified organsims
45
what do herbiside resistant transgenes do
increase metabolism
code for insensitive enzime
46
what are six round up ready crops
corn
soybeans
canola
cotton
sugerbeet
alfalfa
47
what are six herbicid resistent crops registered in canada
round up ready
round up extend
liberty link
round up ready extend flex
balance bean
enlist e3
48
what are three corn herbicides
round up
liberty link
enlist
49
what are 2 herbicides that soybeans have a genetic tolerence to
round up
liberty link
50
describe difference metabolism
some plants degrade herbicide making it safe for crops
51
what are the four phases of herbiside metabolism
activatoin
congigatoin
transport
degratoin in vacuals
52
what are five herbicides that the weeds convert into a phytotoxic compound and they dies
converse
shieldex
command
horizon
puma advance
53
what do herbiside safeners do
increase rate of herbiside metabolism
54
what are three leaf charachteristics that wees have that will intersept less spray
narrow leaves
upright
waxy
55
describe differential translocatoin in respect to herbisizes
herbisides end up in a area of the plant where they do no damage
56
describe differentials in adsorbsoin in respect to herbisides
diffenent thicknesses of cutical
57
describe differential sensitivity
some plants have diferent enzymes that perform same functoin
58
what are three adjectives used to describe glyphasate
post
systemic
broad spectrum
59
what are 4 salts used in glyphosate
enlist duo
credit extreme
potasiam salt
isopropylamine
60
is there a difference whith what salt you choose
there is no differance
61
what are 5 desirable atributes to using toundup
stable over extreme temperatures
easily diluted
doesnt plug nozzles
efecatoius manner
minimal enviromental impact
62
why must glyphodsate be applied POST
it is rapidly absorbed by the soil
63
glyphosare is readly absorbed by the
foilage
64
what two products can be added to roundup to improve absorptoin
surfactant
ammonium sulfate
65
what could you add to a tank with hard water
amonium sulfate
66
what type of translocated herbicide is glyphosate
symplastically ploem
67
what is the mode of actoin for glyphosate
amino acid synthesis inhibitor
68
what group of amino acids are not produced after the applicatoin of glyphosate
aromatic amino acids
69
what amino acids are not produced after the applicatoin of glyphosate 3
tryosine
tryptophon
phenylanlanine
70
what are three reasons for selectivity in glyphossate
insertoin of a transgene
prior to crop emergence
direct spraying
71
what weeds does glyphosate control
anual perenial bienial
grass sedge broadleaf
seedlings and mature
72
what are two main reasons glyphosate is such a effacious herbicide
exelent translocatoin
limmited metabolizm
73
what are three secondary reasons glyphosate is such a good herbicid
good absorbtoin
slow acting
unique mode of actoin
74
what are 5 factores that contribute to poor weed control with glyphosate
applicatoin when dark
drought
cold
large weeds
antagonism
75
what are 4 reasons the efficacy of roundup may be reduced
dirty water hard water
tank mixed with other
herbicide or fertilizer
76
which weeds is glyphosate really good on
grasses
77
what type of weed is difficult to control with glyphosate
perennial broadleaf
78
what are six factores that infuence the speed of weed contol with glyphosate
tank mix partner
weed species
rate
weather
weed growth rate
development stage
79
why is glyphosate broken down in the soil
it is tightly absorbed to the soil
80
what is a round up crop
have a transgene that confers to the resistence to glyphosate
81
what are six reasons farmers use roundup so much
exelent weed control
exelent crop saftey
low cost
simplicity
large farms
can use with strip till and no till
82
what are five social concerns around the use of roundup
human health residue
geneflow to wild species
hog the research money
glyphosate resistent biotypes
round up ready has advantage
83
why is a early aplicatoin of glyphosate recomended 3
improved weed control
less interpherence
higher crop yeild
84
what are 4 possible optoins for weed control in round up ready crops
single POST applicatoin
2 POST applicatoin
early POST tankmixed
pre residue herbicide g;yphosate POST
85
what are four possible reasons for injury with glyphosate
delayed burndoown
missaplicatoin
drifts
to much of it
86
what is a injury symptom of ghlyphosate
chlorosis at the growing point
87
what are injury symptoms of glyphosate in rr corn
breakdown of leaf tissue near stock
88
what are injuries of glyphosate in rr soybeans
yellow flash
89
what are three reasons for variability in damage due to glyphosate drift
concentratoin of it in the drift
growth stage and corn configuratoin
weather
90
what are three risks with widespread use of rr crops
vulinteer rr crops
multiple resistent weeds
weed shifts
91
what is the definition of a herbiside resistent weed
reproduce and set seed
92
what two things are required for glyphaste resistance to develop
selectoin presure
resistent biotype
93
what are two clasifacatoins of herbiside resistence
target site
non target site
94
define target site resistance
changes impact at target site
95
define non target site
limits the amount of herbicide that reaches the target site
96
what are two types of targer site resistence
altered target site
gene over expretion
97
what are 5 types of non target site resistence
reduced retentoin
reduced absorbtion
altered translocatoin
enhanced metabilism
sacrificial
98
list the adjectives used to describe glufosinate
broad spectrum
POST
contact
99
what are three liberty link crops registered
corn
soybean
canola
100
what are the two formulations of glufosinate sold
liberty 200
ignite
101
what 2 types of weeds does liberty control
anual grass
broadleaf
102
when is glufosinate applied
POST
103
Why does glufosinate have to be applied post emergence
no root retention
104
is glufosinate a contact or systemic herbicide
contact
105
what is the mode of action of glufosinate
cell membrane disruptor
106
what accumilates rapidly in the plant after glutamine production is stopped
reactive oxygen species
107
ultimatly why does the plant die after the applicatoin of glufosinate
reactive oxygen species destroyes cell membranes
108
what is the primary basis for selectivity with the glufosinate
inertion of a trans gene
109
why does glufosinate provide no control over perennial weeds
translocatoin is limited
110
does glufosinate provide any residual weed control
no
111
on what environmental conditions would you expect glufosinate to be most effective 3
bright
humid
moist soils
112
when should glufosinate be applied for best results in soils 7
young and active
10 am to 6 pm
high label rate
spray when hot and humid
high water
add ams for hard water
medium spray droplets
113
what are two common annual broadleaf weeds liberty provides variable control over
lambs quarter
velvet leaf
114
what are 7 situations where poor weed control may happen with liberty
weed hight
cool temps
low humidity
drought
rainfall within 4 hours
poor coverage
wrong time application
115
what are two reasons for time of day effect with liberty`
air temp and leaf angle
116
describe a liberty link crop
has a transgene that allows resistance
117
because liberty provides no residule weed control, what are 3 common practaces
sequential pass
tank mix
two pass program
118
where should u use liberty link crops 2
less weed presure
annual weeds
119
what weeds do the group one herbicide control
grass weeds
120
which two crops are the group 1 weeds sprayed on
barley
wheat
121
do group one herbicides provide residal weed control
no they do not
122
what are group one weeds generally refered to as
graminicides
123
the use of group one herbicides has been reduced in western Canada because of
resistance
124
trade names for aryloxphenoxy 4
horozon
puma advance
venture
assure
125
trade name for cyclohexanediones 3
select poast achive
126
trade name for phenylpyzolins 1
axial
127
what 4 group one herbisides are used for grass contro; in broadleaf crops
select venture assure poast
128
what group one herbicide is used for grass control 5
horizon puma advance axial achive
129
what stage of growth should group one herbisudes be aplied
anual grass
quack grass
1-6
1-5
130
how are group one herbicides translocated
simplistically
131
where do group one herbicides accumilate in the plant
at the growing point
132
what is the mode of actoin for group one herbicides
lipid synthesis inhibitors
133
lipids are a key component of
membrane
134
what is the basis of selectivity in a group one herbiside 5
diverential sensitivity at target site
differential metabolism
differential absorbtion
differential translocation
herbiside safener
135
what group one herbicide works best in vulinteer corn
assure
136
what are three reasons for antagonism
reduced adsorbsion
enhanced metabolism
reduced translocation
137
what are two benifits of adding a adjuvent
puma advanced label
as a safener
138
what three things would help weed control with group 1 herbicides
grasses are young
activly growing
not stressed
139
what are two benefits of early weed control
improved weed control
higher crop yield
140
what 4 things would reduce or delay weed control for group 1 herb
grass past 4 leaf stage
grasses are stressed
rainfall within one hour
failure to add adjuvent
141
what is the mode of actoin of treflan and prowl
cell growth disruptors and inhibitors
142
what two effects of loss of microtube structure and functoin
disrupt cell divisoin
disrupt cell wall
143
in respect to weed control treflan and prowl provide 2
primary annual grass control
small seeded broadleaf weeds
144
how is treflan and prowls residule activity in the soil
full season
145
what are two possible reasons for poor weed control with prowl
weeds to large
lack of rainfall
146
describe the effect of group 3 herbisides on the stems of sensitive plants 2
purple swollen
deformed and brittle
147
root inhibition and injury symptoms from group 3 herbicides
stubby and swollel
148
what is the basis of selectivity for treflan and prowl 5
differential sensitivity
" metabolism
" absorbsion
" translocation
depth protection
149
describe depth protection in corn with prowl
plant at least 4 cm deep
150
describe injury symptoms from treflan or prowl in corn 4
reduced stands
stubby roots swollen tips
uneven plant Hight
purplish cover
151
do group 1 herbicides provide residual grass control
almost non
152
describe the injury sypmtoms from group 1 herbisides in corn 4
new leafs become chlorate
older pigments change to red purple
growing point turns brown
yellow streaks apear
153
describe injurys from group 1 herbisides in soybeans
white to yellow flecking appears
154
which two annuall grass have evollved a resistence
wild oat
large crabgrass
155
trade name for dinitroanalines 3
treflan
edge
prowl
156
what group of weeds do group 3 primarly control
annual grass
157
when must treflan be applies
ePOST
158
what are the three reasons treflan must be applied preplant incorp
breakdown by light
vulitile
very low water sul;ubility
159
when is prowl applied to in corn 2
PRE
EPOST
160
what two sites of absorbtion for treflan and prowl
roots hypocotle
161
describe injury symptoms from treflan and prowl in soybean 4
short swollen roots
swollen hypocotle
delayed emergance
stunted stoot growth
162
what is the only grou 3 resistance weed in canada
green foxtail
163
under what 3 conditoins will caryover effects from trefland and prowl occur
high rates
low rainfall
reduced tillage
164
what seven causes for injury with treflan and prowl
cold wet condition
deep planting
soil crustings
excesive rates
poor interceptoin
seading diseases
high salt concentration
