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Test One Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

Used microscope to view many items such as cork,fleas,butterfly wings etc. and drew

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q
  1. Published book
  2. First to use the word cells
  3. Helped Leeuwenhoek get published
A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

1673

A

Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

Created a Microscope that was powerful enough to allow him to be the first to see/desribe objects in pond water, feces , tooth scraping, semen, cells and “animalcules” bacteria.

A

Leeuwenhoek

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5
Q
  1. Published in Royal Society of London
  2. 2.First to describe “Animalcules”
  3. Created the first Advanced Microscope
A

Leeuwenhoek

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6
Q

Meat/maggots jar , covered and open , saw maggots only in open; flies responsible

A

Francisco Redi

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7
Q
  1. Disproved Spontaneous Generation of macro organisms
  2. Dev scientific method
A

Francisco Redi

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8
Q

Observed cowpox gave immunity to small pox ( milk maids )
Illegal Variolation- giving mild version

A

Jenner

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9
Q
  1. Developed the first Vaccination against small pox by injection of pus from cowpox
  2. Life long immunization
A

Jenner

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10
Q

Correlated high child birth fever deaths with not washing hands/instruments

A

Semmelweiss

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11
Q
  1. Introduced lime water for disinfectant (Asepsis)
  2. Mortality Decreased
A

Semmelweiss

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12
Q

Anesthesia increased mortality rates , Introduced heat sanitation of instruments, Disinfection of skin and wound before and after “Father of aseptic Surgery “

A

Lister

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13
Q
  1. Created Spray mist disinfectant
  2. Introduced Asepsis Surgery into surgery room
A

Lister

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14
Q

Used microscopes to look at chemicals , Responded to wine industry “sick wine”

A

Pasteur

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15
Q
  1. Pasteurization
  2. Pasteur Wine Results
  3. Father of Fermentation
  4. Wrote Germ Theory
A

Pasteur

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16
Q

S Flask Experiment to settle spontaneous generation

A

Pasteur

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17
Q

Microorganisms do not spontaneously generate

A

Pasteur

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18
Q

Read Pasteur work and used Solid instead of Broths , Studied Anthrax cause in cattle , Kochs Postulate

A

Pasteur

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19
Q

Attenuation , weaking of pathogens to create a vaccine , Rabies Vaccine

A

Pasteur

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20
Q

Accidental chicken cholera , drying cultures or tissue contains organisms

A

Koch

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21
Q

Proved Germ theory
Pure culture methods and staining methods

A

Koch

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22
Q

Accidental chicken cholera , drying cultures or tissue contains organisms

A

Koch

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23
Q

“Dirty Dishes Accident” Isolated the first Antibiotic from Mold Growth

A

Alexander Fleming

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24
Q

Penicillin was produced in 1941 in the U.S

A

Alexander Fleming

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25
1670s
Francisco Redi
26
Jenner
1796
27
Semmelweiss
1847
28
1850
Lister
29
1857
Pasteur
30
1865
Pasteur
31
1865
Pasteur
32
1880
Koch
33
1929
Alexander Fleming
34
Three basic shapes
Cocci,bacilli,spirilli
35
Round
Cocci
36
Rods
Bacilli
37
Spiral curved
Spirilli
38
Chain
Strepto
39
Staphylococcus
Grape like clusters
40
Twos
Diplo
41
Square pack 4&8
Tetra/sarcina
42
V shaped
Arrangement
43
Palisade
Side by side
44
Mild heat to remove most bacteria
Pasteur
45
Mild heat to remove most bacteria ( Pasteurized )
Pasteur
46
Pasteur Wine results
1.Fermentation 2.Microbes cause Disease in humans ( germ theory ) 3. Micro organisms don’t spontaneously generate
47
Koch 4 Postulates
1. Identify pathogen present , Isolate 2. Isolated pathogen must grow by itself in culture medium 3. Culture cause disease in healthy animal 4. Re isolated , same as individual pathogen
48
Anthrax Important why ?
Proved germ theory pure culture staining methods
49
Anthrax Important why ?
Proved germ theory pure culture staining methods
50
Standard Parts in bacteria
cell membrane cytoplasms genome ribosomes Cell wall Lps layer ( gram neg only )
51
Optional parts of bacteria
Plasma Sex pilli Fimbrae Flagella Glycocalyx Endospore
52
Unusual Bacteria
Mycoplasma Rickettsia and chlamydia Spirochates Archaea
53
Bacterial Growth Curve
Lag Phase Exponential Growth Maximum Stationary Exponential death
54
All cells die
Crash
55
Bacteria Cells Divide into two ( Quick )
Binary Fission
56
Generation time
30 mins
57
Chicken clora
Pasteur missed step 3 step ( re isolation ) which assisted him in coming up with attenuation
58
chicken Colera
pasteur missed koch 3rd step ( re isolation ) which assisted him with attenuation vaccine / rabies vaccine
59
Rifampin
drug target attack unwinding dna
60
Rifampin
drug target attack unwinding dna
61
Toposonerase and dna gyrase
enzyme to help coil, open , close , uncoil dna when needed
62
Ribosomes
protein factory MRNA- Proteins
63
70 small Ribosome
Drug target
64
Drug that interferes with Ribosomes
Kanamysin
65
Peptidoglycan ( unique portion of cell wall )
Nag and Nam sugars tetrapeptides
66
Prevent expansion of cells in hypotonic environments
cell wall
67
Gram + cell wall
thick Teichoic / lipo acids ( anchor transport and id cells )
68
gram - cell wall
Thin has outter membrane LPS layer Lipid A ( released when cells die in larger numbers )
69
penicillin
drug that attacks peptidoglycan
70
give extra abilities to dna ( like apps on phone )
plasmids
71
resistance to antibiotics
r plasmids
72
connect cells to allow dna transfer
sex pilli
73
flagellum rotates clockwise
cells move end over end
74
flagellum rotates clockwise
cells move end over end
75
flagellum roasted counter clockwise
straight line movement
76
+ stimulus = run longer - stimulus = clockwise to change direction to get away
flagellum
77
Fertility genes
F plasmids Conjugation Connects to cells together to pass plasmid
78
Production of toxins or enzymes that impact host body in disease
Virulence plasmids
79
Bacteriocin plasmid
Production of protein protein that kill other bacteria
80
Flagellar agrangemnt
Lophotrichous Monotrichous Peritrichous Amphirichous
81
Tuff of flagella
Lophotrichous
82
One flagella
Monotrichous
83
Flagella surrounding cell
Peritrichous
84
Flagella on both ends
Amphitrichous
85
Mucoid coating composed of polysaccharides or glycoprotein outside of cell wall
Glycocalyx
86
In respitory pathogen Dense thick layer
Capsule
87
Slime on turkey
Biofilms
88
Structure that allows bacteria to resist harsh conditions Formed inside cell Needs nothing to survive
Endospore
89
Coated with peptidoglycan nd protein Heat stability
Endospore
90
Reverse of sporulation Triggered in favable conditions Water enters Spore layer looosens
Germination processs
91
Heat Harsh Chemicals Water enters Spore cost layer loosen Lack of nutrient
Benefits of endospores
92
Non reproducing Only function inside host Smaller than bacteria
Virus
93
Floating free in water or air
Virion
94
Three designs of eukaryotic
Naked Enveloped
95
Infected prokaryotic
Bacteriophages
96
Composed of phospholipid by layer
Enveloped
97
Composed of peplomers
Glycoproteins
98
Unique viral enzymes
Reverse transcriptase - dna to mRNA template Protease - cuts fast virus , Integrase -connects viral dna to host genome RNA dependent rna transcriptase - to make complementary rna Bacteriophages only - lysine digest peptidoglycan
99
Lyric cycle
Virulent , immediately
100
Lysogenic
Temperature, may be delayed, wait for trigger , immediate death and destruction
101
Receptor protein on host cell surface
Attachment
102
Virus attach by
Ligand proteins
103
Phage and naked ligands bind by
Capomeres
104
Ligands bind to enveloped virus by
Peplomers
105
Drug target for attachment
Block binding ligands Block receptor p Block peplomers
106
Enters penetration
Lysozyme , contraction of tail Capsid remains outside
107
Endocytosis drug target
Uncoating , removal of capsomeres from genome Amantadine , tamaflu

Microbiology (7 decks)

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