Test One Chapter Two

Question 1

what is the result of mitosis

Answer 1

one round of duplication, one round of cell division, 2 diploid cells

Question 2

what mutation happens in cystic fibrosis

Answer 2

3 nucleotides deleted, deletion in phenylalanine

Question 3

what are the phases in mitosis and meiosis

Answer 3

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 4

what is the genetic explanation for these unexpected phenotypes, primary exceptional

Answer 4

non disjunction

Question 5

what is hemophilia

Answer 5

inability of blood to clot

Question 6

what are the three possible outcomes of mutation

Answer 6

harmful, neutral and beneficial

Question 7

the mutation in cystic fibrosis causes

Answer 7

prevents proper folding of protein, affects function of chloride channel

Question 8

F1 stands for

Answer 8

generation from parents

Question 9

what is the result of meiosis

Answer 9

one round of DNA replication, 2 cell divisions, 4 haploid gametes

Question 10

what happens in G2 phase

Answer 10

prepare for M phase

Question 11

what is thomas hunt morgan credited with

Answer 11

chromosome theory of inheritance and trait was connected to sex

Question 12

what is a genotype

Answer 12

alleles contained in an organism

Question 13

what is an allele

Answer 13

variant of the gene encoding a trait

Question 14

what mutation occurs in sickle cell anemia

Answer 14

change from GAG to GTG which causes aa to go from glutamic to valine, single base change

Question 15

when is a case when traits don’t sort independently

Answer 15

possible to have linked genes based on their location on the chromosome and recombination

Question 16

how did mendels work debunk the predominant theory of the time that heredity resulted from a blending of a parental trait

Answer 16

he bred F1 with each other which produced the recessive trait that was hidden in the F1 generation

Question 17

what is sickle cell anemia

Answer 17

mutation of hemoglobin, misshapen RBC and gets stuck in capillaries and impedes blood flow

Question 18

what happens in G1 phase

Answer 18

cells doing cell job, diploid

Question 19

what is a primary exceptional

Answer 19

defective meiosis, usually in mother, x chromosome did not separate, non disjuntion

Question 20

what is mRNA

Answer 20

has nucleotide comp similar to DNA, template for ribosome to create protein sequence transcription

Question 21

P stands for

Answer 21

parents

Question 22

who is affected by hemophilia

Answer 22

mostly males due to it being a recessive on x chromosome and females can be carriers

Question 23

what mutation is the driver of evolution

Answer 23

beneficial which increases viability

Question 24

what is mendel’s first law of heredity

Answer 24

allele pairs segregate during gamete formation, law of segregation

Question 25

what happens in S phase

Answer 25

DNA synthesis and duplicate info, 4 copies

Question 26

what is a gene

Answer 26

section of DNA encoding a protein or functional RNA

Question 27

what type of gene trait is sickle cell anemia

Answer 27

autosomal recessive, inherited by both parents

Question 28

what happens in G0 phase

Answer 28

no longer reproducing

Question 29

what organism did thomas hunt morgan work with

Answer 29

drosophila

Question 30

what led to gregor mendel's success (how was his approach different from others?)

Answer 30

focused on individual plant features instead of plant in its entirety. Focused on isolate characteristics of seeds, flowers, stems, and seed pods

Question 31

what is rRNA

Answer 31

ribosomes made of RNA and proteins, protein synthesis in ribosomes

Question 32

mutation in cystic fibrosis is what type gene trait

Answer 32

autosomal recessive

Question 33

what happens in huntingtons

Answer 33

degeneration in neurons in brain affect motor coordination, memory and cognitive function

Question 34

what happens during anaphase

Answer 34

sister chromatids separate at centromere, move to opposite ends

Question 35

what is incomplete dominance

Answer 35

hybrid progeny display phenotype intermediate between those of 2 parents, "something in between", pink flower

Question 36

what is codominance

Answer 36

two alleles of a gene that produce two different functional proteins, neither of which is dominant, "work together", both traits show up

Question 37

do traits always sort independently

Answer 37

no

Question 38

what does crossing over occur

Answer 38

during meiosis, during 1st division

Question 39

F2 stands for

Answer 39

generation from F1

Question 40

what is mendel's second law

Answer 40

different genes assort into gametes independently of one another, law of independent assortment

Question 41

what happens during prophase

Answer 41

condensed, centrosomes at opposite poles

Question 42

what plant did he work with

Answer 42

garden pea, pisum sativum

Question 43

what happens during telophase

Answer 43

nuclear membrane forms, less visible chromosomes, cytokinesis

Question 44

what happens in cystic fibrosis

Answer 44

increases sweat and mucous production

Question 45

what happens during metaphase

Answer 45

chromosomes line up at metaphase plate, membrane dissolves, attache to centromeres

Question 46

what are the different types of RNA

Answer 46

rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA

Question 47

what is the significance of a mutation occurring in a germ line cells as opposed to somatic cell

Answer 47

offspring can inherit the mutation

Question 48

what happens during interphase

Answer 48

chromosomes not visible

Question 49

the cell cycle contains

Answer 49

G1, G0, S, G2 an m phase

Question 50

what is tRNA

Answer 50

amino acid attached, reads three nucleotides, adapter between nucleic acid and protein, has comp pair to mRNA, translation

Question 51

what is functional RNA

Answer 51

RNA molecules from tRNA and rRNA create functional RNA. Fold onto specific 3D shapes and make up most of RNA in cell

Question 52

what is gregor mendel credited with

Answer 52

founder of modern genetics

Question 53

what is a phenotype

Answer 53

outward appearance of an organism

Question 54

what causes the mutation in huntingtons

Answer 54

CAG, usually cause by template slipage during DNA synthesis

Question 55

what is the significance of crossing over

Answer 55

recombination, gene on one link switches with gene on other link, between two sister chromatids