Test One Second Year: Rivers

Question 1

Name 3 stages of a river

Answer 1

Youth stage,mature stage and old stage

Question 2

Define the word erosion

Answer 2

It is the wearing away of material from the surface.

Question 3

Explain the term transportation

Answer 3

It is the removing of material that has been eroded

Question 4

What is deposition

Answer 4

It is the dropping of material that has been transported

Question 5

What is hydraulic action

Answer 5

It’s the physical force of moving water that wears away and breaks of the rock and soil from the banks and bed of the river

Question 6

What is abrasion

Answer 6

It’s when the materials carried by the river wear away the bank of the river

Question 7

Define the term attrition

Answer 7

It is when small stones in a river are broken up as they hit of each other

Question 8

Explain the term solution

Answer 8

Rock such as limestone and soil that are dissolved by acid in the water

Question 9

What is solution

Answer 9

It’s when other materials dissolve in the water and are carried away by the river

Question 10

What is river deposition

Answer 10

It’s when rivers deport or drop there load

Question 11

What is a V-Shaped valley

Answer 11

A V-Shaped valley is a steep-sided valley in the shape of a V. It is shaped by vertical erosion

Question 12

What are interlocking spurs

Answer 12

Interlocking spurs are areas of high ground that jut out at both sides of the V-shaped valley

Question 13

Describe a waterfall

Answer 13

A waterfall is a vertical drop in the causes of a river found in the youthful stage

Question 14

Give me an example of a waterfall

Answer 14

Tore. Co Kerry

Question 15

What are the processes of a waterfall

Answer 15

Erosion: hydraulic action,abrasion,attrition and solution

Question 16

How does a waterfall form

Answer 16

It is formed where a band of hard rock on top of a band of softer rock. Over thousands of years the softer rock is eroded quicker than the hard rock by the process of hydraulic action and abrasion. Overtime the slope becomes steeper and a waterfall is formed. As water drops over the waterfall it carries its land with it . This helps the waterfall to erode a deep hole called a plunge pool. The falling water cuts under the waterfall to form an over hang of hard rock which eventually collapses. This process repeats itself so that the waterfall retreats upstream to form a garge

Question 17

What’s an example of a meander

Answer 17

The river Shannon

Question 18

What process are involved in meanders

Answer 18

Erosion(hydraulic action) and Deposition

Question 19

What is an oxbow lake and give me an example of one

Answer 19

An oxbow lake is a horseshoe-shaped lake that form when a meander is cut off from the river
Eg. The rivers Liffey and Moy

Question 20

What is a levees

Answer 20

A levees is a build up of alluvium on the banks of a river. Levees are caused by floods

Question 21

What are two examples of a levees

Answer 21

The river Moy and Liffey

Question 22

What are the processes of levees

Answer 22

Deposition

Question 23

How are levees formed

Answer 23

The river carries a large load of sediment know as alluvium. During floods the river spreads out on both sides and deposits the land it’s carrying. The heaviest material is dropped of first. Over time a thick layer of alluvium builds up on flat land by the river. This is the flood plain. The alluvium makes the soil very fertile and generally good for farming. The highest point reached by the river when in the flood is called a bluff line

Question 24

Name 2 land forms you find in the lower stage

Answer 24

Waterfalls and v-shaped valleys

Question 25

Name 2 land forms you find in the middle stage

Answer 25

Meanders and Oxbow lakes

Question 26

Name 2 land forms you find in the old stage

Answer 26

Flood plains and Levees