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Test Three Lymph Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

Function of lymphoid tissue

A

Protect the internal environment from the invasion and damage by foreign substances

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2
Q

What is loose lymphoid tissue made of

A

Reticular cells and reticular fibers

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3
Q

Function of loose lymphoid tissue

A

Works like a net by trapping large materials but cant do anything about

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4
Q

What is dense lymphoid tissue

A

Collection of lymphocytes found in various organs that form groups

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5
Q

Function of dense lymphoid tissue

A

Allow for the destruction for foreign material

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6
Q

What is nodular lymphoid tissue

A

Represents combo of loose and dense lymphoid tissue

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7
Q

What are T cells

A

Lymphocytes associated with cellular immunity

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8
Q

What are the T cell types

A

Cytotoxic, helper, memory or suppressor

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9
Q

What are cytotoxic cells aka

A

T killer cells

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10
Q

Function of cytotoxic cells

A

Cells that are responsible for the destruction of the foreign material

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11
Q

What are helper cells

A

Secretory lymphocytes that secrete lymphokines

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12
Q

Function of lymphokines

A

Signal molecules by calling for cytotoxic cells to an area

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13
Q

What cell is implicated with HIV/AIDS

A

Helper cells

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14
Q

What are memory cells

A

Once been exposed to certain agents you are going to have T memory cells ready to destroy it, specific to previous foreign material that was in the body

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15
Q

What are suppressor cells

A

Shut down T helper cells and they no longer call for T cytotoxic cells which allows for the system to return to its resting state after infection or disease taken care of

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16
Q

Where are T cells located

A

Circulating throughout the body in the circulatory system

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17
Q

What causes B cells to become activated

A

Antigen (foreign material)

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18
Q

When B cells become activated they turn into what

A

Plasma cells

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19
Q

Plasma cells secrete what

A

Antibodies

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20
Q

Function of antibodies

A

Agglutination of cells or precipitation of soluble Ag leading to phagocytosis

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21
Q

Antigens are so small and antibodies can cause them

A

Increase in size

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22
Q

To make antigens soluble in plasma what must occur

A

Antibodies pull antigen out of solution by attaching to antibodies

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23
Q

Antibodies are also known as

A

Immunoglobulins

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24
Q

What are the five different types antibodies

A

IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and IgD

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25
What immunoglobulin is associated with fetal immunity
IgG since it is a compound that can cross placenta from mom to baby
26
Function of IgG
Allows for protection of new born baby until its own immune system can get started up by transferring from mom to baby
27
Function fo IgA
Protect against various microorganisms
28
Function of IgM
Activates the compliment system such as lymphokines which called things to help immune system destroy foreign protein
29
Function of IgE
Allergic response
30
Function of IgD
Possible immunoglobulin activator, needed for IgA and IgE to function
31
What is the best immune system we have
Lymph nodules
32
Where are lymph nodules found
Found in the systems exposed to outside world such as respiratory, urinary and digestive
33
Lymph nodules are primarily made up of
Lymphocytes
34
Why do we not have a CT capsule around a lymph nodule
Need to have direct contact with outside material
35
Describe appearance of lymph nodule
Lighter staining central portion known as germinal center
36
Germinal center can indicate
Lymph node is working and is activated and the severity of the infection
37
The dark staining portion of the lymph node is
Lymphocytes
38
Lymph node is located in what
In isolated CT but no capsule
39
Increased infection causes what in lymph nodes
Increase number of germinal centers
40
Function of lymph node
Filtering lymph
41
What is lymph
Blood plasma that has left the circulatory system and has gone into the tissue spaces
42
What is blood plasma
Fluid that is pushed out of vessels and into tissues by arterial pressure
43
How do we recover fluid when lose fluid in blood stream
Recover through lymph vessels then place into venous blood creating a cycle
44
What can happen when lymph moves through tissue
Pick up bad pathogens
45
If pathogen is collected in lymph tissue what can occur if reach circulatory system
Pathogen is now systemic and can reach anywhere.
46
When do lymph nodes become big
When active
47
What are the two sides of a lymph node
Convex and concave surface
48
The convex surface of lymph node contains
Afferent lymphatic vessels
49
How does lymph get into the lymph node
Afferent lymphatic vessels
50
From afferent lymphatic vessels lymph goes where
The cortex
51
What is located in the cortex of the lymph node
B cells that are marking foreign material with immunoglobulins
52
From the cortex of the node where does lymph go to
Paracortex
53
What is located in the paracortex of the node
T cells, mostly cytotoxic
54
From the paracortex the lymph travels where in the node
Medulla
55
The medulla is
The center portion of the node
56
What is located in the medulla
B cells, macrophages, plasma cells that secrete antibodies
57
What is located on the concave surface of the lymph node
Efferent vessel
58
What is the efferent vessel of the lymph node
Where lymph leaves with marked foreign material
59
From efferent vessel, where can lymph travel
Another lymph node or venous blood
60
How is the flow of the lymph node
One way due to afferent vessels having valves to prevent black flow
61
How many filter layers in lymph node
Three
62
Where is the blood supply of the lymph node
Concave area
63
Function of spleen
Filter the blood, removes toxins and blood born pathogens, removal of old RBCs
64
What are the two parts of the spleen
White pulp and red pulp
65
What is the white pulp of the spleen
Associated with the immune system function and removes viruses and bacteria
66
What is the red pulp of the spleen
Remove old RBC
67
What is located in the white pulp of the spleen
Lymph nodules
68
What makes up red pulp of the spleen
Bilroth’s corded, strings of cells
69
What is the artery that goes through the lymph nodule of the spleen
Central artery
70
What artery supply’s blood to the entire spleen organ
Splenic artery
71
The splenic artery enters into the CT tissue of the spleen and divides into
Trabecular arteries
72
What comes off the trabecular arteries in the spleen
Central arteries
73
The central arteries run through what and are surrounded by
Lymphoid nodule and is surrounded by lymphocytes
74
From central arteries in spleen, the artery leaves the nodule and becomes
Penicillar artery
75
What surrounds the penicillar artery
Macrophages
76
Once the macrophage surrounds the penicillar artery is becomes what
Sheathed artery and macrophage is looking for marked antibodies
77
Sheathed arteries in the spleen then enter into
Sinusoids
78
What are sinusoids
Modified blood vessels with increased diameter which slows blood flow down
79
What occurs in sinusoids
Removed of old RBCs
80
Sinusoids in the spleen drain into
Venous return
81
Tonsils are found encircling what
Nasal and oral cavities
82
Function of tonsils
Responsible for filtering the air and food or drink that we bring into the oral cavity
83
Palatine tonsils unilateral or bilateral
Bilateral
84
Where are palatine tonsils found
On each side of throat
85
Palatine tonsil is made up of what crypts
10 to 20 crypts
86
What epi is palatine tonsils made up of
Stratified squamous non keratin
87
What type of capsule is around palatine tonsils
Thick capsule
88
Aka of pharyngeal tonsils
Adenoids
89
Bilateral or unilateral pharyngeal tonsil
Unilateral midline
90
What makes up pharyngeal tonsils
Pleated surface with no crypts
91
What type of epi in pharyngeal tonsils
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
92
What type of capsule is around pharyngeal tonsils
Thin
93
Where are lingual tonsils found
Base of tongue and embedded in tongue itself
94
Function of crypts in palatine tonsils
Increase surface area to get more lymph nodules in the tonsil
95
Is there a CT capsule in lingual tonsils
No due to not needing it
96
What is the epithelium of lingual tonsils
Keratinized stratified squamous
97
Does the lingual tonsil contain crypts
Yes but only has one
98
what is a major identifier of the thymus
No lymph nodules but contains lymphocytes
99
Function of thymus
Primary site of where T cells are formed
100
Where is the thymus found
Behind the manubrium and sternum
101
What happens to thymus in adult
Contains unilocular adipose tissue and disappears
102
When thymus disappears in the adult how are T cells made
In bone
103
What is the outer part of the thymus
The cortex
104
The cortex of the thymus is made up of
T cells, macrophage, reticular cells
105
The inner medulla of the thymus is made up of
Loose lymphoid tissue and hassal’s corpuscles
106
Hassal’s corpuscles are made of
T cells and reticular cells
107
The thymus contains what type of capsule
Dense CT capsule with trabeculae

Histology (14 decks)

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