Test Unit 4

Question 1

Psychologists use the term (blank) when they are referring to the unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors ,feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual

Answer 1

personality

Question 2

What is true of the personality dimensions across species?

Answer 2

Horses high in neuroticism are most susceptible to pain

Question 3

The (blank) layer of consciousness is what one is aware of at any given moment in time

Answer 3

conscious

Question 4

According to Freudian psychoanalytic theory, the ego operates on the

Answer 4

reality principle

Question 5

(blank) as a defense mechanism, is the unconscious act of keeping threatening or disturbing thoughts, feelings, or impulses out of consciousness

Answer 5

repression

Question 6

Karen Horney, the first major female psychoanalyst, defined (blank) as anger or rage that originates in childhood and stems from fear of being rejected or neglected by one’s parents

Answer 6

basic hostility

Question 7

One advantage of the interview method of personality assessment is the (blank)

Answer 7

ability to pose open-ended questions

Question 8

What is true about personality?

Answer 8

it’s about individual differences

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about the role of personality traits in the survival of a species?

Answer 9

Hypersensitivity to threats is usually debilitating and disruptive to everyday functioning

Question 10

According to Freudian psychoanalytic theory, the superego operates on the (blank)

Answer 10

moralistic principle

Question 11

According to Hans Eysenck, (blank) refers to how active the brain is at a resting state as well as how sensitive it is to stimulation

Answer 11

cortical arousal

Question 12

Behavioral or personality raters are deemed “reliable” if their ratings compare well with established norms are expert ratings, usually with a correlation of (blank)

Answer 12

0.8 or higher

Question 13

What method of questionnaire development focuses on including questions that characterize a group that the questionnaire is intended to distinguish?

Answer 13

empirical method

Question 14

(blank) is the point at which a person moves from not having a particular response to having one

Answer 14

behavioral threshold

Question 15

On the basis of research on the outcome off the prenatal environment, it is found that birth weight is positively correlated with

Answer 15

brain volume

Question 16

According to Freud’s provinces of the human mind, which of the following is true about the id?

Answer 16

It is the part of our personality that we do not yet own; it owns or controls us

Question 17

Very often, Vincent likes to carry a ladies’ purse, and his body language is primarily characterized by feminine mannerisms. Proponents of Carl Jung’s theory might say Vincent is unable to repress his (blank)

Answer 17

anima

Question 18

Into what perspective on personality did Walter Michel conduct research?

Answer 18

social-cognitive learning perspective

Question 19

Which of the following sets of the Big Five dimensions is known to decrease after the onset of Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 19

openness to experience and conscioentiousness

Question 20

In one of the methods to examine the relationship among genetics, behavior, and personality, behavioral geneticists look for the location of specific bits of DNA on genes might be particular behaviors. This method is referred to as the (blank)

Answer 20

Quantitative trait loci approach

Question 21

What is true about the ego?

Answer 21

If the id wants pleasure, the ego makes a realistic attempt to obtain it

Question 22

What is true about repression as a psychological defense mechanism?

Answer 22

repression underlies all the other defense mechanisms

Question 23

Alfred Adler disagreed with Freudian theory, suggesting that (blank) is the major motivator of all behavior

Answer 23

striving for superiority

Question 24

The humanistic movement was rekindled in the 1990s and relabeled

Answer 24

positive psychology

Question 25

According to the "4Ds" of determining whether something is a mental disorder, which of the behaviors interferes with everyday functioning, such as participating in social relationships?

Answer 25

dysfunctional behavior

Question 26

What best describes joint attention?

Answer 26

The ability to make eye contact with others and to look in the same direction as someone else

Question 27

Which of the following prenatal infections can be linked to increased risk of schizophrenia?

Answer 27

influenza

Question 28

Different forms of the (blank) genes and stressful events work together to increase the risk of depression

Answer 28

serotonin

Question 29

A (blank) is a repetitive behavior performed in response to uncontrollable urges or according to a ritualistic set of rules

Answer 29

compulsion

Question 30

The DSM originates from a (blank) perspective of psychological illness

Answer 30

American

Question 31

What is true of dementia and Alzheimer's disease?

Answer 31

they are neurocognitive disorders related to age

Question 32

Who coined the term schizophrenia?

Answer 32

Emil Kraeplin

Question 33

Recreational drugs, such as PCP and ketamine lead to schizophrenia-like symptoms by:

Answer 33

impairing the functioning of glutamate and one of its receptors, NMDA

Question 34

In the context of stress and depression, research in animals shows that experimental-induced stress:

Answer 34

kills neurons in the hippocampus which can lead to symptoms of depression

Question 35

What are cyberchondriacs?

Answer 35

people who self-diagnose from information found on the internet

Question 36

Which of the following is an anxious-fearful personality disorder characterized by extreme fear of being criticized, low self-esteem, and a lack of social interaction?

Answer 36

avoidant personality disorder

Question 37

Harold is diagnosed with schizophrenia after it was observed that his brain size has changed considerably. Which of the following reasons, if true, is most likely to have led to Harold developing schizophrenia?

Answer 37

He suffered abuse and neglect after birth

Question 38

Study of depression found that

Answer 38

People who had inherited 2 short forms of the serotonin gene were more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms following stressful events than those who had inherited the long form

Question 39

What is a major symptom of odd-eccentric personality disorder?

Answer 39

lack of interest in social relationships

Question 40

What are types of anxiety disorders?

Answer 40

PTSD and panic disorder

Question 41

Before 1952, scientists believed that dopamine

Answer 41

was precursor of epinephrine

Question 42

Individuals suffering from bipolar disorder:

Answer 42

find the initial onset of the manic phase pleasant

Question 43

What is a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Answer 43

Impaired communication

Question 44

In terms of genetics of bipolar disorder, if one identical twin develops bipolar disorder then:

Answer 44

there is a 40-70% chance that the other twin will also develop the disorder

Question 45

What is true of psychological disorders and creativity?

Answer 45

There is a positive relationship between bipolar disorder and creative thoguht

Question 46

Deviant behavior can be classified as disordered only if it is:

Answer 46

also dysfunctional

Question 47

What occurs in the brain of someone who is hallucinating?

Answer 47

Activity in the visual cortex during visual hallucinations shows similarity to the brain activity that occurs when visual stimulus is present

Question 48

What leads to panic disorder?

Answer 48

anxiety over having another attack

Question 49

What is true of the development of schizophrenia?

Answer 49

genes are epigenetically turned on or off by environmental experiences during brain development to produce the disorder

Question 50

What describes persistent depressive disorder?

Answer 50

it is a form of depression that is mild in intensity but longer in duration

Question 51

What is a popular perception of dissociative identity disorder?

Answer 51

it is a coping strategy gone awry

Question 51

Haloperidol is one of the traditional (blank)

Answer 51

antipsychotics

Question 52

What is true about antipsychotics?

Answer 52

they are considered by many phsyicians to be the first line of treatment for schizophrenia

Question 53

Any type of psychotherapy that works to restructure irrational thought patterns is known as (blank) therapy

Answer 53

cognitive

Question 54

A class of drugs called phenothiazines were discovered by

Answer 54

Henri Laborit

Question 55

What is an example of atypical antipsychotics

Answer 55

Olanzapine

Question 56

Juan is entering group therapy for treatment of his alcoholism. What can be expected during therapy?

Answer 56

a structured process

Question 57

When psychologists make treatment choices based on the empirical evidence of their efficacy, they are engaging in (blank) therapies

Answer 57

evidence-based

Question 58

Traditional psychodynamic therapies viewed anxiety as the main symptom of what was then commonly called (blank)

Answer 58

neurosis

Question 59

(blank) occurs when people conform to the behavior of others because they view them as a source of knowledge about what they are supposed to do

Answer 59

informational social influence

Question 60

(blank) is the type of conformity that occurs when people go along with the behavior of others in order to be accepted by the group

Answer 60

normative social influence

Question 61

Which of the following individuals commits a fundamental attribution error?

Answer 61

Nadia blames Claude's bad grades on being less intelligent

Question 62

The (blank) component of attitude consists of the rational thoughts and beliefs that make up the attitude

Answer 62

cognitive

Question 63

Sally pushed Tisha out of the way so that Sally could get to the cake first, Sally exhibited (blank) aggression

Answer 63

instrumental

Question 64

(blank) is the evolutionary mechanism that prompts individuals to help their close relatives so that they will survive to reproduce and pass on related genes to their offspring

Answer 64

Kin Selection

Question 65

In Gordon Allport's approach to personality, ________ traits represent the overarching elements of personality, ________ traits reflect the specific and personal features that help predict an individual's behavior, and ________ traits represent the major characteristics of the person.

Answer 65

cardinal; secondary; central

Question 66

Which of the following lists of traits could be a description of a person generated by the five-factor model of personality?

Answer 66

talkative, sympathetic, organized, stable, creative

Question 67

Which of the following statements is true of personality disorders?

Answer 67

They are more consistent than clinical disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder.

Question 68

The major types of schizophrenic disorders include all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 68

organized

Question 69

By the end of the second therapy session, a woman's therapist is speculating about the causes of her depression. This speculation on the part of the therapist is most related to the therapeutic goal of

Answer 69

proposing an etiology

Question 70

Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy for their clients characterize the approach of those who practice ________ therapy.

Answer 70

client-centered

Question 71

A man has never attended this type of religious service before and finds that he looks to others in order to know what to do and how to act. The man's conforming behavior is due to __________ processes.

Answer 71

informational influence