Tests and answers

Question 1

What is the common side effect of cyclophosphamide?

Answer 1

Haemorrhagic cystitis

Question 2

What is the proposed mechanism for the gastric bleeding associated with NSAIDs?

Answer 2

Inhibition of the COX 1 enzyme

Question 3

Celecoxib is a cox-2 selective inhibitor. Compared to non-selective NSAIDs what does it have a reduced risk of causing?

Answer 3

Gastric ulcers

Question 4

Methotrexate is a cytotoxic drug used to treat RA. It reduces the synthesis of what?

Answer 4

Folic acid

Question 5

Which of the following effects is caused by glyceryl trinitrate? ^HR, ^ venous return, reduced cerebral blood flow, constriction of veins.

Answer 5

^HR. (GTN causes reduction in diastolic BP which is compensated for by an ^ in HR.

Question 6

Which of the following drugs helps to reduce cholesterol in the blood?

Answer 6

Simvastatin

statin

Question 7

Aspirin is effective as a treatment for patients who have suffered ischaemic stroke as it?

Answer 7

Reduces the risk of stroke recurrence

Question 8

Which of the following is a clot-busting drug that must be administered within a few hours of onset of stroke to be effective? Aspirin, captopril, alteplase, diamorphine

Answer 8

Alteplase

Question 9

As a treatment for cancer, monoclonal antibodies are different from other drugs because they?

Answer 9

Selectively improve the hosts immunity.

Must be given in combination with other drugs like alkylating agents

Question 10

Busulfan is an alkylating agent which is selective for bone marrow. What is it useful to treat?

Answer 10

Leukaemia

Question 11

Side effects of cancer chemo are?

Answer 11

minimised by treatment with anti-emetics and good nursing care.

Question 12

What is the mechanism of action for the majority of anti-cancer drugs?

Answer 12

Prevention of cell division

Question 13

Which of these drugs blocks the spasmogenic effects of cysteinyl leukotrienes, relaxing bronchioles and reducing muscle secretion?

Answer 13

Montelukast

Question 14

Which of the following is associated with inhaled muscarinic antagonists? Reduction in elevated mucus secretion, reduce inflam of airways, constipation, dilation of blood vessels?

Answer 14

Reduction in elevated mucus secretion caused by asthma

Question 15

What does theophylline block?

Answer 15

Cyclic necleotide phosphodiesterase

Question 16

Which of the following drugs inhibits IgE binding to prevent mast cell activation?

Answer 16

Omalizumab

Question 17

Oedema (swollen ankles) is a common side effect ofwhich anti-hypertensive drug?

Answer 17

Calcium channel blockers. (…pine)

Question 18

Losartan is often preferred to enalapril for hypertension treatment as it…

Answer 18

does not cause a dry cough

Question 19

What is the mechanism of action of diltiazem?

Answer 19

Blocks voltage-operated calcium channels in cardiac muscle

Question 20

Which of the following is a common side-effect of bendroflumethiazide? Oedema, hypokalaemia, hypocaleamia.

Answer 20

Hypokalaemia.

Blocking Na+ reabsorption, K+ is lost in the urine, resulting in a reduction in blood potassium

Question 21

Which antiemetic drug is the drug of choice for the treatment of PONV and CINV?

Answer 21

Ondansetron

Question 22

What can morphine be antagonised by?

Answer 22

Neloxone

Question 23

How does morphine cause resp depression?

Answer 23

Reduces the sensitivity of the resp centre to CO2 .

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT associated with emesis? Sympathic pathway, chemo receptor zone, vestibular pathway, vagal pathway.

Answer 24

Sympathetic

Question 25

Which of the following endogenous chemicals does NOT have analgesic properties? Enkephalins, GABA, opiates or substance P?

Answer 25

Substance P

Question 26

Which of the following is an insulin secretagogue used in the treatment of diabetes? Glibenclamide, metformin, diazoxide or acarbose.

Answer 26

Glibenclamide

Question 27

Exenatide works by?

Answer 27

Activating the glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor

Question 28

Which of the following is not a principal target for the actions of insulin? Brain, liver, muscles, adipose tissue.

Answer 28

Brain

Question 29

Insulin resistance will cause?

Answer 29

Reduction of glucose transport into muscle and adipose tissue

Question 30

Dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin are all?

Answer 30

Monoamine transmitters

Question 31

Which of the following groups does not treat depression? Benzodiazepines, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors lithium compounds?

Answer 31

Benzodiazepines

Question 32

Haloperidol is a dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist used to treat psychosis, which of the following is a likely adverse effect of this drug?

Answer 32

Parkinson's disease like symptoms

Question 33

Citalopram increases synaptic levels of?

Answer 33

Serotonin

Question 34

Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria differ in...

Answer 34

The structure of the cell wall

Question 35

Bacterial penicillinase (beta-lactamase) inactivates penicillin by cleaving its...?

Answer 35

B-lactam ring

Question 36

Mycoses are diseases caused by?

Answer 36

Fungi

Question 37

In fungi, flucytosine inhibits the biosynthesis of?

Answer 37

DNA and RNA

Question 38

Benzodiazepines interact with?

Answer 38

GABA receptor sites

Question 39

Captopril is a drug which blocks angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE) so can be used to treat?

Answer 39

Cardiac failure

Question 40

Haloperidol is an antipsychotic drug that is associated with:

Answer 40

rash

Question 41

Which of the following isotopes is not used as internal radiotherapy? Potassium, strontium, iodine, samarium?

Answer 41

Potassium

Question 42

Side effects of radio therapy

Answer 42

Are dependent on the physical wellbeing of the patient at the time of treatment

Question 43

What type of external radiation is favoured for the treatment of cancer?

Answer 43

Gamma radiation

Question 44

Ionising radiation can cause?

Answer 44

Apoptosis