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Microbiology > Textbook Questions Unit 3 > Flashcards

Textbook Questions Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

A physician orders an antibody titer (a test to determine the presence and amount of antibodies) in a patient’s blood. The nurse knows that antibodies function to _____________.
* directly destroy foreign organ grafts
* mark invading organisms for destruction
* kill intracellular viruses
* directly promote cytokine synthesis

A

mark invading organisms for destruction

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2
Q

MHC class II molecules bind _____________ to and trigger _____________.
* endogenous antigens; cytotoxic T cells
* exogenous antigens; cytotoxic T cells
* endogenous antigens; helper T cells
* exogenous antigens; helper T cells

A

exogenous antigens; helper T cells

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3
Q

A patient is in trouble in the burn unit of a hospital—his body is rejecting the skin grafted over his severe injury. Rejection of a ­foreign skin graft is an example of _____________.
* destruction of virus-infected cells
* tolerance
* antibody-mediated immunity
* a cell-mediated immune response

A

a cell-mediated immune response

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4
Q

Among the key molecules that control cell-mediated immunity are _____________.
* perforin
* immunoglobulins
* complement
* cytokines

A

cytokines

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5
Q

Which major class of immunoglobulin is found in the mother’s milk?

IgG
IgM
IgA
IgE

A

IgA

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6
Q

Which of the following lymphocytes predominates in normal blood?

T cells
B cells
plasma cells
memory cells

A

T cells

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7
Q

In which of the following can B cells be found?
lymph nodes
spleen
red bone marrow
all of the above

A

all of the above

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8
Q

true or false

MHC class II molecules are found on T cells

Mark each statement as either true or false. Rewrite false statements to make them true by changing the underlined words.

A

antigen-presenting cells are found on T cells

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9
Q

true or false

Apoptosis is the term used to describe cellular suicide.

Mark each statement as either true or false. Rewrite false statements to make them true by changing the underlined words.

A

true

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10
Q

true or false

Lymphocytes with CD8 glycoprotein are helper T cells.

Mark each statement as either true or false. Rewrite false statements to make them true by changing the underlined words.

A

cytotoxic

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11
Q

true or false

Cytotoxic T cells secrete immunoglobulin.

Mark each statement as either true or false. Rewrite false statements to make them true by changing the underlined words.

A

plasma cells

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12
Q

true or false

Secretion of antibodies by plasma cells (activated B cells) is a form of cell-mediated immunity.

Mark each statement as either true or false. Rewrite false statements to make them true by changing the underlined words.

A

antibody

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13
Q

1. Plasma cell
2. Cytotoxic T cell
3. Th2 cell
4. Dendritic cell

A. MHC 2 molecule
B. interleukin 4
C. Perforin and granzyme
D. Immunoglobulin

Match each cell in the numbered list with its associated protein from the lettered list.

A

D. Immunoglobulin

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14
Q
  1. Plasma cell
    2. Cytotoxic T cell
  2. Th2 cell
  3. Dendritic cell

A. MHC 2 molecule
B. interleukin 4
C. Perforin and granzyme
D. Immunoglobulin

Match each cell in the numbered list with its associated protein from the lettered list.

A

C. Perforin and granzyme

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15
Q
  1. Plasma cell
  2. Cytotoxic T cell
    3. Th2 cell
  3. Dendritic cell

A. MHC 2 molecule
B. interleukin 4
C. Perforin and granzyme
D. Immunoglobulin

Match each cell in the numbered list with its associated protein from the lettered list.

A

B. interleukin 4

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16
Q
  1. Plasma cell
  2. Cytotoxic T cell
  3. Th2 cell
    4. Dendritic cell

A. MHC 2 molecule
B. interleukin 4
C. Perforin and granzyme
D. Immunoglobulin

Match each cell in the numbered list with its associated protein from the lettered list.

A

A. MHC 2 molecule

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17
Q

**1. artificially acquired passive immunotherapy
**2. naturally acquired active immunity
3. naturally acquired passive immunity
4. artificially acquired active immunity

A. production of IgE in response to pollen
B. Acquisition of maternal antibodies in breast milk
C. administration of tetanus toxoid
D. Administration of antitoxin

Match each type of immunity in the numbered list with its associated example from the lettered list.

A

D. Administration of antitoxin

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18
Q
  1. artificially acquired passive immunotherapy
    **2. naturally acquired active immunity
    **3. naturally acquired passive immunity
  2. artificially acquired active immunity

A. production of IgE in response to pollen
B. Acquisition of maternal antibodies in breast milk
C. administration of tetanus toxoid
D. Administration of antitoxin

Match each type of immunity in the numbered list with its associated example from the lettered list.

A

A. production of IgE in response to pollen

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19
Q
  1. artificially acquired passive immunotherapy
  2. naturally acquired active immunity
    **3. naturally acquired passive immunity
    **4. artificially acquired active immunity

A. production of IgE in response to pollen
B. Acquisition of maternal antibodies in breast milk
C. administration of tetanus toxoid
D. Administration of antitoxin

Match each type of immunity in the numbered list with its associated example from the lettered list.

A

B. Acquisition of maternal antibodies in breast milk

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20
Q
  1. artificially acquired passive immunotherapy
  2. naturally acquired active immunity
  3. naturally acquired passive immunity
    4. artificially acquired active immunity

A. production of IgE in response to pollen
B. Acquisition of maternal antibodies in breast milk
C. administration of tetanus toxoid
D. Administration of antitoxin

Match each type of immunity in the numbered list with its associated example from the lettered list.

A

C. administration of tetanus toxoid

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21
Q

These phagocytes of the epidermis are called ______.

A

dendritic cells

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22
Q

Mucus-secreting membranes are found in ______.

the urinary system
the digestive cavity
the respiratory passages
all of the above

A

all of the above

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23
Q

The complement system involves ______.

A

serum proteins involved in nonspecific defense

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24
Q

The alternative complement activation pathway involves ______.

A

factors B, D, and P

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25
Q

Which of the complement fragments is inflammatory?

C3a
C4a
C5a
all of the above

A

all of the above

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26
Q

Interferons ______.

  • provide protection against viruses for cells neighboring the cell that secretes them
  • stimulate the activity of macrophages
  • can cause malaise, muscle aches, chills, headache, and fever
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

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27
Q

Which of the following is not targeted by a Toll-like receptor?

A

eukaryotic flagellar protein

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28
Q

A researcher is searching for ways to reduce chronic inflammation by blocking certain Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs directly ______.

A

bind microbial proteins and polysaccharides

29
Q

Iron-binding chemicals can protect patients from certain pathogens. Which of the following binds iron?

lactoferrin
siderophores
transferrin
all of the above

A

all of the above

30
Q

The surface cells of the epidermis of the skin are alive.

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

dead

31
Q

The surface cells of mucous membranes are alive

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

true

32
Q

Wandering macrophages experience diapedisis

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

true

33
Q

Monocytes are immature macrophages

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

true

34
Q

phagocytes exhibit chemotaxis toward a pathogen

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

true

35
Q

In defensive phagocytosis, adhesion involves the binding between complementary chemicals on a phagocyte and on the membrane of a ** body cell.**

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

pathogen

36
Q

Opsonization occurs when a cell’s pseudopods surround a microbe and fuse to form a sac.

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

ingestion

37
Q

Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes to form peroxisomes.

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

phagolysosomes

38
Q

A membrane attack complex drills circular holes in a macrophage.

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

pathogen’s cytoplasmic membrane

39
Q

Rubor, calor, swelling, and dolor are associated with fever.

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

inflammation

40
Q

Acute and chronic inflammation exhibit similar signs and symptoms.

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

true

41
Q

The hypothalamus of the brain controls body temperature.

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

true

42
Q

Defensins are phagocytic parts of the first line of defense.

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

antimicrobail peptides

43
Q

NETs are webs produced by neutrophils to trap microbes.

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

true

44
Q

lymphocytes are large agranulocytes

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

A

monocytes

45
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

Inflammation

A

Second line of defense

46
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

monocytes

A

second line of defense

47
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

lactoferrin

A

second line of defense

48
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

fever

A

second line of defense

49
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

dendritic cells

A

first line of defense

50
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

alpha interferon

A

second line of defense

51
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

mucous membranes of the digestive tract

A

first line of defense

52
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

neutrophils

A

second line of defense

53
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

epidermis

A

first line of defense

54
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

lysozyme

A

first line of defense

55
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

goblet cells

A

first line of defense

56
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

phagocytes

A

second line of defense

57
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

sebum

A

first line of defense

58
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

T lymphocytes

A

third line of defense

59
Q

Which line of defense first applies to each term?

antimicrobial peptides

A

first line of defense

60
Q

Goblet cells

A

secretes mucus

61
Q

lysozyme

A

breaks bonds in bacterial cell wall

62
Q

stem cell

A

generatice cell with many types of offspring

63
Q

dendritic cell

A

devours pathogens in epidermis

64
Q

cell form sebaceous gland

A

secretes sebum

65
Q

bone marrow stem cell

A

develops into formed elements of blood

66
Q

eosinophil

A

leukocyte that primarily attacks parasitc worms

67
Q

alveolar macrophage

A

phagocytic cell in lungs

68
Q

microglia

A

phagocytic cell in central nervous system

69
Q

wandering macrophage

A

intercellular scavenger

Microbiology (15 decks)

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