TFN Flashcards by ROSLIN ISABELLE VIERNES

Q

Who began to assume the great significance of providing a clean and healthy environment to achieve recovery of patients and continues up to present

A

Florence Nightlingale

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Q

Florence Nightingale served during what war

A

Crimean War

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Q

Historical Eras

A

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Q

Identify the Historical Era:
Major Question:
What curriculum content should nurses study to be nurses

Emphasis:
Courses included in nursing programs

Outcomes:
Standardized curricula for diploma programs

Emerging Goal:
Develop specialized knowledge and higher education

A

Curriculum Era 1900 to 1940

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Q

Identify the Historical Era:
Major Question:
What is the focus for nursing research?

Emphasis:
Role of nurses and what to research

Outcomes:
Problem studies and studies of nurses

Emerging Goal:
Isolated studies do not yield unified knowledge

A

Research Era 1950 to 1970

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Q

Identify the Historical Era:
Major Question:
What knowledge is needed for the practice of nursing

Emphasis:
Carving out an advanced role and basis for nursing practice

Outcomes:
Nurses have an important role in health care

Emerging Goal:
Focus graduate education on knowledge development

A

Graduate Education Era 1950 to 1970

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Q

Identify the Historical Era:
Major Question:
How do these frameworks guide research practice?

Emphasis:
There are many ways to think about nursing

Outcomes:
Nursing theoretical works shift focus to the patient

Emerging Goal:
Theories guide nursing research and practice

A

Theory Era 1980 to 1990

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Q

Identify the Historical Era:
Major Question:
What new theories are needed to produce evidence of quality care?

Emphasis:
Nursing theory guides research, practice, education, and administration

Outcomes:
Middle-range theory may be from quantitative or qualitative approaches

Emerging Goal:
Nursing frameworks produce knowledge for quality care

A

Theory Utilization Era 21st Century

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:

Specific to academia and refers to a branch of
education, a department of learning or a domain of
knowledge

A

Discipline

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:

Discipline or Profession:
Refers to a specialized field of practice founded on the
theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of the
discipline and accompanying practice abilities.

A

Profession

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:

Branch of education; theoretical works leading to higher
level of education and practice.

A

Discipline

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:

Functional Focus (what nurses do) – knowledge
focus or what nurses know and how they use them for
thinking and decision making while taking care of a
patient. (example: Nursing)

A

Discipline

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:

Knowledge of persons, health and environment forms
the basis for nursing as a discipline

A

Discipline

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:

Knowledge of that discipline and accompanying
practice abilities.

A

Profession

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:

Kuhn – stated, “the study of paradigms is what mainly
prepares the student for membership in a particular
scientific community with which he / she will practice.
By studying and practicing with them, the clients or
community involved learn their trade.

A

Discipline

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Nursing as a Discipline or Profession:

Recognition and respect for their scholarly disciplined
contribution to the health of society

A

Profession

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Q

Meaning knowledge, understanding. Concerned with the theory of knowledge in philosophical inquiry or how knowledge came to be

A

Epistemology

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:

Way of looking at reality using the five senses.

A

Empiricism

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:

Prior reasoning- utilizes deductive: cause to effect or general to particular

A

Rationalism

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:

An object is real in so far as seen, felt, smelled, tasted, heard

A

Empiricism

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:

Use of the rational senses in ensuring the truthfulness of a phenomenon

A

Rationalism

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:

A theory which states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience

A

Empiricism

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:

Understand the whole first before you can appreciate the lesser parts

A

Rationalism

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Q

Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism:

Knowledge is based on experience

A

Empiricism

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Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism: Gather information more and observe facts before finally saying a theory exists

Empiricism

Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism: Regards reason as the chief reason as the chief source and test of knowledge

Rationalism

Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism: Any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification

Rationalism

Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism: Criterion of truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive

Rationalism

Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism: Reynolds Research-then-theory strategy

Empiricism

Identify whether the statement is Rationalism or Empiricism: is inductive

Empiricism

Statements in a theory may state definitions or relations among concepts

Relational statements

Relate concepts to one another permit analysis

Theoretical Statements

Relate concepts to measurements

Operational Statements

Are simple, true, universal and absolute

Scientific Laws

Accepted as true and proved

Theory

Has not been proved

Hypothesis

Founder of Modern Nursing

Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale

Modern Nursing and Environmental Theory

Fiver Essential Components of the Environmental Theory

1. Pure Air 2. Light 3. Cleanliness 4. Efficient Drainage 5. Pure Water

Margaret Jean Harman Watson

Theory of Transpersonal Caring

What are the Three theoretical Assertions of Theory of Transpersonal Caring

1. Trim - calls for nurses to go beyond procedures, tasks and techniques 2. Core - aspects of nurse-patient relationship resulting in a therapeutic outcome 3. Curing - elimination of disease

10 Carative Factors of Theory of Transpersonal Caring

1. The formation of a humanistic-altruistic system of values 2. The instillation of faith-hope 3.The cultivation of sensitivity to oneʼs self and to others 4. Development of a helping-trusting, human caring relation 5. The promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings 6. systematic use of a creative problem solving caring process 7. The provision of supportive, protective, and corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment 8.The assistance with gratification of human needs” 9. Allowance for existential- phenomenological-spiritual forces ?

Caritas Processes - involves being real, honest, genuine, and authentic

Congruence

Caritas Processes - is the ability to experience and thereby understanding the other person's perceptions and feelings and to communicate those understandings

Empathy

Caritas Processes - is demonstrated by a moderate speaking volume, a relaxed open posture, and facial expressions that are congruent with other communications

Non-possessive warmth

Caritas Processes - has cognitive, affective, and behavior response components

Effective communication

Uses non-technical, sophisticated, fluid and evolutionary language

Clarity

Draws on a number of disciplines, the theory is more about being that about doing

Simplicity

Best understood as a moral and philosophical basis for nursing. Watson's personal growth emphasis is a quality tat while appealing to some may not appeal to other

Generality

Acknowledges the evolving nature of the theory

Empirical Precision

Metaphysical orientation for the delivery of nursing care

Derivable Consequence

Marilyn Anne (Dee) Ray

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring which involves creativity and revealed in attachment, love, and community

Spirituality

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring which is related to moral obligation towards others

Ethical

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring which includes formal and information programs, use of AV media to convey information and other teaching/sharing information r/t the meaning of caring

Educational

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring the physical state of being including biological and mental patterns

Physical

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring includes ethnicity and family structures, intimacy with friends and family communication; social interaction and support ; understanding interrelationships, involvement, and intimacy

Socio-cultural

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring which include nonhuman resources, such as the use of machinery to maintain the physiological well-being of the patient, diagnostic tests, pharmaceutical agents, and the knowledge and skill needed to use these resources

Technological

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring to the meaning of caring including money, budget, insurance systems, limitations and guidelines imposed by managed care organization

Economic

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring the power structure within health care administration and how it influences nursing

Political

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring Critique is defined clearly and consistent with definitions commonly used by practicing nurses

Clarity

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring which simplifies dynamics of complex bureaucratic organizations

Simplicity

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring that addresses the nature of nursing as caring, proposes that nurses are choice makers guided by spiritual-ethical caring

Generality

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring hat provides guidance for practice and enhance nurses' understanding of dynamics of healthcare organizations

Accesibility

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring that is relevant to contemporary work world of nurses

Importance

Patricia Benner

Caring, Clinical Wisdom and Ethics in Nursing Practice

Identify the Skill Acquisition -The person has no background experience of the situation - context-free rules and objective attributes must be given to guide performance - difficulty discerning relevant vs irrelevant aspects - applies to students but can be applied to nurses placed in a situation completely foreign to them

Novice

Identify the Skill Acquisition : - The person can demonstrate marginally acceptable performance - has enough experience to grasp aspects of the situation - guided by rules and oriented by task completion - clinical situations are viewed as a test of their abilities and demands rather than in terms of patient needs and responses

Advanced Beginner

Identify the Skill Acquisition: - defined by conscious and deliberate planning which aspects of current and future situations are important and which can be ignored - display hyper-responsibility for the patient and exhibit an ever-present and critical view of self - learner begins to recognize patterns and determine which element warrant attention

Competent

Identify the Skill Acquisition: - perceives the situation as whole rather than in terms of aspects and the performance is guided by maxims -recognizes the most salient aspects and has an intuitive grasp of the situation - ability to see changing relevance in a situation including recognition and implementation of skilled responses

Proficient

Identify the Skill Acquisition: - having an intuitive grasp of the situation and being able to identify the region of the problem without losing time considering a range of alternative diagnoses and solutions - demonstrating a clinical grasp and resource based practice - possessing embodied know-how -seeing the big picture -seeing the unexpected

Expert

Kari Martinsen

Philosophy of Caring

Philosophy of Caring that requires at least 2 people

Relational

Philosophy of Caring that is about concrete and practical action

Practical

Philosophy of Caring which acknowledgement of the other in light of his situation

Moral

Philosophy of Caring: - when empathy and reflection work together in such a way that caring can be expressed in nursing - present in concrete situations and individual actions need to be accounted for

Moral Practice

Philosophy of Caring: - demand professional knowledge which affords the view of the patient as a suffering person, and which protects his integrity

Person-oriented Professionalism

Philosophy of Caring: - phenomenon that are beyond human control and influence and therefore sovereign - includes openness, mercy, trust, hope, and love

Sovereign life utterances

Philosophy of Caring: - Boundaries for which individuals much have respect

Untouchable Zone

Philosophy of Caring: - given as a law of life concerning neighborly love which is a foundationally human

Vocation

Philosophy of Caring: Being touched or moved by the suffering of the other and the situation the other experiences - participatory event based on the reciprocation that unifies perception and understanding

Eye of the Heart

Philosophy of Caring: - concerned with finding connections, and analyzing it into a system alliance with modern natural science and technology

Registering Eye

Katie Eriksson

Theory of Caritative Caring

Theory of Caritative Caring: were experience in connection with illness and treatment

Suffering Illness

Theory of Caritative Caring: where the patient is expose to suffering caused by care of absence of care ( not be taken seriously, not to be welcomed, being blamed.)

Suffering Care

Theory of Caritative Caring situation of being a patient

Suffering life