Uself Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
Is the study of the ultimate nature of existence, reality, knowledge, and goodness, as discoverable by human reasoning.
A
Philosophy
2
Q
What are the Greek root words of Philosophy?
A
Philo and Sophos (Sophia)
3
Q
What does Philo mean?
A
Love
4
Q
What does Sophos (Sophia) mean?
A
Wisdom
5
Q
Believed “Knowing Yourself” is where we get our sense of self
A
Socrates
6
Q
Who believed that death is not the end of existence?
A
Socrates
7
Q
Who said ,” just because something seems true does not mean it is true?”
A
Socrates
8
Q
Which Philosopher believes that the soul is immortal and separated from the body? Resembling the idea of reincarnation.
A
Plato
9
Q
Plato said the human soul or psyche is divided into three parts, which are?
A
Rational Soul
Spirited Soul
Appetitive Soul
10
Q
Who also asserted that the soul is immortal like Plato, but does not believe in the concept of reincarnation, instead the purpose of a person is to attain spiritual union with God.
A
Augustine
11
Q
Which philosopher held a burning hand as a form of symbolism?
A
Augustine
12
Q
Asserted that self-knowledge can answer the question “Who am I.”
A
Thomas Aquinas
13
Q
Father of Modern Philosophy
A
Rene Descartes
14
Q
A principle where the mind is somehow separate from the physical attributes of the body.
A
Dualism
15
Q
Which Philosophers are dualistic?
A
Socrates, Plato, Augustine, Rene Descartes
16
Q
Who coined the principle of Dualism
A
Rene Descartes
17
Q
Believes that the Body is but a machine and the Mind is the unseen creation.
A
Rene Descartes
18
Q
Who quoted, “I think therefore I am”?
A
Rene Descartes
19
Q
Which Philosopher believes that memories give us our identity?
A
John Locke
20
Q
This Philosopher was an Empiricist
A
David Hume
21
Q
David Hume categorized experiences into two, which are?
A
Impressions and Ideas
22
Q
According to David Hume, this is everything that originates from our senses.
A
Impressions
23
Q
According to David Hume, these are faint images of thinking and reasoning based on impressions.
A
Ideas
24
Q
Believes the sense of self depends on how our mind put impressions together and makes sense of them as “me”
A
David Hume
25
Agrees with David Hume that everything starts with perception and impressions but emphasizes on Rationalism.
Immanuel Kent
26
Theory which states that reason is the foundation of all knowledge rather that experience
Rationalism
27
What are the two forms of self proposed by Immanuel Kent. Give a brief description of the two.
Inner Self - is comprised of our psychological state and our rational intellect
Outer Self - includes our sense and the physical world
28
Who quoted, " I act therefore I am."
Gilbert Ryle
29
Who believes that behavior and actions give us our sense of self
Gilbert Ryle
30
According to Gilbert Ryle the fact that mind does not exist separately from the body is a what?
Category Mistake
31
Gilbert Ryle believed that the _________ does not exist
Mind
32
Proposed that the physical brain is where we get our sense of self.
Paul Churchland
33
A principle where nothing but matter exists
Eliminative Materialism (Paul Churchland)
34
Proposed that the mind and the body are intertwined
Maurice Merleau- Ponty
35
Maurice's philosophy that the mind and body are intertwined contradicts what other principles?
Empiricism and Rationalism
36
Is the study of human social relationships and institutions
Sociology
37
Is the systematic study of humanity, evolutionary origins, social existence across the world and through time
Anthropology
38
What are the 6 characteristics that Stevens proposed that the self is commonly defined by?
1. Separate
2. Self-contained
3. Independent
4. Consistent
5. Unitary
6. Private
39
Who proposed the principle of Social Constructionist Perspective?
Stevens
40
It is the merged view of the person and emphasizes that the self is multi-faced and the soul is not a static entity.
Social Constructionist Perspective
41
According to Marcel Mauss, every self has two faces, the _______ and the __________.
Moi and Personne
42
According to Marcel Mauss, this refers to a person's sense of who he is.
Moi
43
According to Marcel Mauss, it is comprised of the social concepts of what it means to be who he is.
Personne
44
George Herbert Mead proposed what theory?
Social Self Theory
45
A principle wherein it is believed that the sense of self is developed through social interactions
Social Self Theory
46
George Herbert Mead said that the self is not yet present at _______
Birth
47
What are the 3 activities to develop the self according to George Herbert Mead?
1. Language
2. Play
3. Games
48
Charles Cooley proposed the principle Looking Glass wherein people develop a sense of self with what 3 elements?
1. How we imagine we appear to others
2.Judgement we imagine that other people may be making about is
3.Self-image based upon the evaluations of others
49
Is a group of people affiliated by a specific relationship.
Family
50
What are the 6 types of family?
1. Nuclear Family
2. Single Parent
3. Extended Family
4. Childless Family
5. Stepfamily
6. Grandparent Family
51
It is the biological term for a person's genetic condition of being male or female
Sex
52
It is the social interpretation that varies across cultures
Gender
53
This contributes to how an individual interacts with other. Social construct determined by a person's ancestral origins, culture, and physical attributes inherited from their ancestors
Ethnicity
54
Defines a person's identity within his or her larger community
Nationality
55
Scientific study of the human mind and its function, especially those affecting behavior in a given context
Psychology
56
"Father of American Psychology"
William James
57
According to William James, there self has two aspects, which are?
I-self and Me-self
58
According to William James, this is a reflection of what people see in one's actions in the physical world
I-self
59
According to William James, this represents an individual's reflection about themselves
Me-self
60
According the Carl Rogers, what are the 3 contributing components to the development of the sense of self?
1. Self Image
2. Self-esteem
3. Ideal Self
61
This is a positive self-concept by comparing ourselves with those who are worse off than us
Downward social comparison
62
This is comparing ourselves with those who are better off than us
Upward social comparison
63
This theory is when we can feel threatened when someone outperforms us, especially when that person is close to us we either:
1. distance ourselves
2. reconsider the importance where we were outperformed
3. strengthen our resolve to improve
Self-Esteem and Self-Evaluation Maintenance Theory
64
Overly high self-esteem, self-value, or self-importance
Narcissism
65
Proposed the theory, Psychoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud
66
This theory states that the personality is composed of three elements known as id, ego, and superego
Psychoanalytic Theory
67
According to Sigmund Freud's theory of Psychoanalytic Theory, this is the first part of the self to develop, includes our desires and wants, and is considered the little devil on our shoulder
Id
68
According to Sigmund Freud's theory of Psychoanalytic Theory, this functions in reality to distinguish the right and wrong, and is the gatekeeper of id and superego
Ego
69
According to Sigmund Freud's theory of Psychoanalytic Theory, this is the irrational view of perfection and is the little angel on our shoulder
Superego
70
This principle states that the identity of a person develops in a continuity of consciousness
Unified Self
71
Which philosophers are unified?
Descartes and Locke
72
This principle states that self is not one thing, but a complex of multiple definitions and parts
Multiple self
73
A multiple self domain that states the part of you that disappears when you enter a deep sleep and flashes on and off as you dream and then come back again as you wake
Experimental self
74
A multiple self domain that states this is the “interpreter” part of your being that narrates and makes sense of what I going on
Private Self
75
A multiple self domain that states this is the person that you attempt to project to others
Public self
76
Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Self is based on individualism
Western
77
Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Dominated by "we" idea
Eastern
78
Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Autonomous relative to others and the environment
Western
79
Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
The self is part of a larger network of people who all help shape each other
Eastern
80
Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
We are separate and unique from each other
Western
81
Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Values competition is straightforward
Western
82
Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Emphasizes on hierarchy
Eastern
83
Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Collectivism culture
Eastern
84
Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Individualistic Culture
Western
85
Identify if this is a western or Eastern thought about the self:
Values cooperation
Eastern
86
An Eastern Religion most commonly in India and Sri Lanka
Hinduism
87
Hinduism revolves around what two principles? Describe each.
Brahman - considered as the sacred god spirit or the universe
Atman - which is the human soul or the self
88
In this religion, self is often thought of as an illusion.
Buddhism
89
What are the two concepts that are agreed on in most Buddhist branches?
Interconnectedness and Lack of Self
90
What is the term for heaven in Buddhism?
Nirvana
91
What religion has no deity and is more of a code of conduct rather than a religion?
Confucianism
92
This is the supreme goal of being a "gentleman", a characteristic of Chin-tzu in Confucianism
Self-cultivation
93
This religion stresses importance of living simple, honestly, and in harmony with nature. Is referred to as “the way”
Taoism
94
What are three of the most important tenets of Taoism?
1. The First Principle
2. The Yin-Yang classification
3. The We Wei concept
95
This context is when people should "say what they mean and mean what they say"
Low-context
96
Identify if this is a high or low context:
People should “say what they mean and mean what they say”
Low-context
97
Identify if this is a high or low context:
Pays attention to what isn’t said as much or what is said and a great deal of attention is put where people are seated
High-context
98
Identify if this is a high or low context:
The information conveyed is implicit
High-context
99
Identify if this is a high or low context:
The information conveyed is Explicit
Low-context
100
Identify if this is a high or low context:
Relationships are stable
High-context
101
Identify if this is a high or low context:
Relationships are short-lived
Low-context
