Thde respiratory system

Question 1

What is the process called when O2 is used by cell mitocondria?

Answer 1

Cellular respiration

Question 2

Cellular respiration is a complex process that sees glucose broken down into ___and ____with a release of energy

Answer 2

Co2 and H20

Question 3

What is the 4 componets of respiration?

Answer 3

a) Ventilation
b) gas exchange
c) the transport of oxygen and Co2 in the blood
d) gas exchange between blood and tissues

Question 4

What are the auxillary roles of respiration? (5)

Answer 4

Regulation of PH 
Production if chemical mediators
voice
olfaction - smelling
protection by traping microorganisms

Question 5

Describe ventilation

Answer 5

the process of mooving air containing O2 into the lungs and remooving Co2 from the lungs

Question 6

Where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 6

in the lungs between air and blood

Question 7

What makes up the thoracic cavity?

Answer 7

• Thoraric vertebrae
• ribs
• costal cartilages
• Sternum
• musccles

Question 8

To get air to move into the lungs the pressure inside the thorax must be ______________.

Answer 8

Less than atmospheric pressure

Question 9

What and where are the 6 parts of the conducting zone?

What takes place here?

Answer 9

External nose
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

The moovment, cleaning, warming and humidificaation

Question 10

What is the respiratory zone refering to?

Answer 10

lungs

Question 11

What is the external noze made of?

Answer 11

Hyaline cartilage
Nasal bones
Frontal and maxillary bones

Question 12

What seperates the nose into left and right?

Answer 12

nasal septum

Question 13

NASAL CAVITY
Extends from the _____(nostrils) to the ______where the pharynx begins.

The anterior part of the cavity just inside the Nares is the _________

Answer 13

NARES (nostrils) to the CHOANAE

VESTIBULE

Question 14

What are the ttwo bones in the posterier part of the nasal septum?

Answer 14

Vomer bone inferiorly

Ethmoid bone superiorly

Question 15

3 bony ridges, the _________modify the shape of the lateral nasal cavity wall.

Answer 15

Conchae

Question 16

The superior meatus and middle meatus have openings from where?

Answer 16

Paranasal sinuses

Question 17

The inferior meatus has an opening into where?

Answer 17

The nasolacrimal duct

Question 18

What does the naso lacrimal duct do?

Answer 18

drains tears

Question 19

What are the 5 roles of the nasal cavity?

Answer 19

• air passage way
• cleans the air
• humidifies and warms air
• contains aofactory epithelium
• voice sound

Question 20

Where is the nasopharynx located?

Is located posterior to the ____and superior to ________

Answer 20

choanae and superior to the SOFT PALATE

Question 21

What prevents food from entering the nasal cavity?

Answer 21

the soft palate

Question 22

The___________ from the middle ear cavities open into the nasopharynx.

Answer 22

EUSTACHIAN TUBES

Question 23

What is the name of where the oral cavity oppwns into the oropharynx?

Answer 23

Fauces

Question 24

LARYNGOPHARYNX
Extends from the tip of the ________to the ________and passes ________to the LARYNX. Food and drink pass through the laryngopharynx into the oesophagus

Answer 24

epiglotis
oesophagus
posteriorly

Question 25

The Larynx extends from the ________to the _______.

Answer 25

Base of the tounge to the trachea

Question 26

What are the 3 unpaired cartilidges in the Larynx?

Answer 26

Thyroid Cricoid Epiglotis

Question 27

Wich unpaired cartilidge is at the base of the larynx?

Answer 27

cricoid

Question 28

What are the 3 paired cartilidges innthe larynx?

Answer 28

Arytenoid Corniculate Cuneiform

Question 29

What are the vocal folds made of and what are they attatched to?

Answer 29

the vocal folds are a mucus membrane covering the inferior ligament attatched to the arytenoid cartiladge

Question 30

What is the mucus membrane of the superior ligament attatched to the arytenoid called?

Answer 30

The vestibular fold

Question 31

What is the term for the vocal folds and the opening between them?

Answer 31

The glottis

Question 32

The vestibular and vocal cords are covered with _________ _______ epithelium.

Answer 32

stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 33

The remainder of the larynx is covered with ________ ____ ______ epithelium.

Answer 33

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 34

What is the trachea made up of?

Answer 34

Dense regular connective tissue, smooth muscle

Question 35

What re-inforces the traches

Answer 35

15-20 C shaped cartilidges

Question 36

What kind of cells secrete mucus in the trachea?

Answer 36

Goblet cells

Question 37

What kind of epithilium lines the trachea

Answer 37

Pseudostratified ciliated epitelium

Question 38

What happens at the 5th thoracic vertebra?

Answer 38

trachea divides into 2 bronchi

Question 39

Where the trachea branches, what is the inferior cartilidge called?

Answer 39

Carina

Question 40

The main bronchi divide into _________I, __in the left lung and ___ in the right.

Answer 40

Lobar bronchi, 2, 3

Question 41

The lobar bronchi continue to divide into the _________BRONCHI finally giving rise to ________that have a diameter of approximately 1mm. The bronchioles subdivide further to form _________BRONCHIOLES.

Answer 41

Segmental Bronchioles Terminal

Question 42

Terminal bronchioles divide further to become ________BRONCHIOLES.

Answer 42

Respiritaory

Question 43

Respiratory Bronchioles branch again to become _____________ that have many more alveoli associated with them.

Answer 43

Aveolar ducts

Question 44

What 2 kinds of cells make alveolus?

Answer 44

Type 1 pneumocyte | Type 2 pneumocyte

Question 45

Which type of pneumocyte does the most gas exchange?

Answer 45

Type 1

Question 46

What type of cells are Tpe 1 pneumocytes?

Answer 46

Simple squamus epithelial

Question 47

What type of cells are type 2 pneumocytes and what do they secrete?

Answer 47

Cuboidal | surfactant

Question 48

What does surfactant do?

Answer 48

Make it easier for the alveoli to expand

Question 49

What seperates the left and right lung?

Answer 49

the mediastinum

Question 50

What muscle is used in normal quiet breathing>

Answer 50

The diafragm

Question 51

What muscles are brought into play if the diafragm is not enough

Answer 51

accessory musscles

Question 52

What do the accesory muscles change the position of?

Answer 52

Ribs and sternum

Question 53

At rest (end of expiration) the ribs are directed slightly ______-. On inspiration muscles attached to the ribs cause them to move _____and _______.

Answer 53

Downwards | UPAWRDS AND FORWARD

Question 54

what gropu of muscles cause the rib cage to moove up and the sternum forward?

Answer 54

External intercostals

Question 55

What 4 other muscles have the capacity to change lung capacity?

Answer 55

Pectoralis Major Levatores costarum Serratus posterior superior Scalenes