The 4 Ds of diagnosis

Question 1

What are the 4 Ds of diagnosis?

Answer 1

Deviance, dysfunction, distress, danger

Question 2

What is deviance?

Answer 2

Looking at extent to which behaviour is rare in society

If behaviour us rare enough + deviates from what we consider normal for behaviour, we would class it as deviant

Question 3

How is measuring deviance high in reliability?

Answer 3

Can be measured using statistics + normal distributions, hevaiours plotted at 2% are abnormal + deviant

Question 4

What is dysfunctional behaviour?

Answer 4

Behaviours + feeling that interfere with person’s ability to get on with day to day activities

Clinicians should discuss all aspects of everyday life

Question 5

How do we measure dysfunction?

Answer 5

WHODAS questionaire

Question 6

What is distress?

Answer 6

Where the behaviour distresses or upsets the individual

Should be considered in isolation to other Ds because distress can be caused by behaviours but person may be functioning

Question 7

How is distress low in reliability?

Answer 7

Its subjective, people may experience big events and not be distressed and vice versa

Question 8

What is danger?

Answer 8

Danger to yourself + others

Assessed using GAF score (global assessment functioning scale), score given based on observation + interviews